John Fitzgerald Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy was maven of the most influential and beloved finale chairs of United States history. However, his death is shrouded in mystery. When all is utter and done, conspiracy theorists have left virtually no stone unturned in an attempt to pardon the tragedy of November 22, 1963. Clearly downwind Harvey Oswald was present and did shoot a gun. But did his clout kill JFK? Did he act alone? Many people have their own ideas of what really happened that day.One common opening is that the Cuban government ordered a impinge on on the President. The President had attempted to invade Cuba, and though the image failed, Castro knew that further plans were in the works. Likewise, Kennedy had made several unsuccessful attempts on Castros life. Getting rid of Kennedy would sure enough en able Castro to keep control of Cuba (Anders 1993).A similar theory is that anti-Castro Cubans killed Kennedy. Perhaps they were hoping that if the suspicion were focused on Castro, the States would demand retaliation. Later, designate seemed to surface from a former Castro operative that Oswald was actually hired by the Cuban government (Anders 1993, McAdams 2004). With Oswalds death, the facts of these reports could not be verified, though Castro staunchly denies this report.Similarly, Russia, the US cold war opponent, was daunted by JFKs youth and erratic nature. He would be capable of elevating the cold war to a full blown World War III. With the introduction of nuclear technology, the fear of a US take over on Russia was likewise a concern. Therefore, the Russians planned the assassination. In a related theory, this order came from Nikita Khrushchev himself (Anders 1993).Another popular theory is that the mafia ordered a hit on Kennedy. Initially, some big name crime bosses such as Sam Giancana worked with Jimmy Hoffa and the teamsters to get President Kennedy elected, particularly through votes in Ohio ( Unfortunately, President Kennedy and his associa te Robert Kennedy, the US Attorney General, had later stepped up prosecutions of mafia members to an unprecedented high (Odoni 2005 McAdams 2004) J. Edgar vacuum, who was not friendly with President Kennedy, was due to be forced into retirement from his position of the Director of the FBI.Hoover had a history of neglecting to prosecute mafia members. His retirement would mean mean the end of these favors, especially if JFK appointed his brother Robert to that position. After Kennedys death, Hoover remained as the capitulum of the FBI for ten more years. During that time, mafia prosecutions fell dramatically. James Files, a mafia hit man, actually confessed to the murder, indicating that Giancana had ordered the hit. Oswalds killer, Jack Ruby, was a small time gangster with a few major mafia connections. He could have killed Oswald to silence him (Odoni 2005).Two equally argued theories that be more alarming are those that implicate the United States itself. Many suspect Vice-Pres ident Lyndon B. Johnson. He gained the Presidency after Kennedys death, though he was not liked by the public Kennedy was planning to drop Johnson from his ticket in 1964. He was complicated in foursome major reprehensible investigations involving bribery, money laundering, contract violations and misappropriation of funds, at the time of Kennedys death.In fact, Kennedy often complained that he had been manipulated into appointing Johnson by the FBI and that Johnson acted as a spy for J. Edgar Hoover. After he became President, Johnsons criminal investigations were dropped (Ayton no date). Another US based theory is that the CIA itself had killed the President to cover up or airt attention from its new practice of assassinating foreign leaders. The Church Committee was formed to look into this possible soil but concluded that while the CIA was increasing in national and international power, it was not responsible for the death of the President (Ayton no date).The Warren Commissi on heard testimony from 552 witnesses and 10 federal agencies over the bridge circuit of 10 months as it investigated the assassination and all the related conspiracy theories. Published in October of 1964, it concluded that, basically, Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, shooting three bullet trains from the sixth floor window of the Texas School Book Depository (McAdams 2004).The single bullet that wounded Connally and killed JFK hit him from behind as the motorcade passed by the Depository. However, the issue has not been laid to rest. Four of the septenary members of the investigatory team seemed to indicate skepticism about the Commissions findings (McAdams 2004). Several individual pieces of the Commissions findings also have been called into nous since its completion.Kennedy was struck by both bullets. One hit him in the back, and one hit him in the nous. The imprimatur hit killed the President. The single bullet theory was born because Oswalds gun would not have been able t o fire fast enough to hit both Kennedy and Connally with separate shots (McAdams 2004).However, the idea that a single bullet traveled through Kennedys back, exited his throat, passed through the seat of a car, entered Connallys back, exited his chest, passed through his wrist and entered his thigh has been seriously questioned by evidence from eye witnesses, including passenger Nellie Connally, and forensic evidence (McAdams 2004) Now this theory is cognise as the magic bullet theory. The bullet which had such an incredible journey ended up on a hospital stretcher in near pristine condition (McAdams 2004).Medical examinations and missing x-rays and autopsy pictures also add to the mystery. Kennedy was taken first to Dallas Parkland Hospital where 44 doctors and medical staffers claimed that the exit wound was at the back of JFKs head. This would have been impossible if the shot came from the Depository and lended itself to the grassy knoll theory (Odoni 2005).However, two doctors at Bethesda Medical Center, the second hospital Kennedy was taken to, reported that the exit would was at the front of the head (McAdams, 2004). Why then did over 44 doctors and medical staffers claim that the wound was at the rear of the head? X-rays that a Parkland Hospital technician claims to have taken have never been found. Pictures of the autopsy that emerged up to four years after the assassination are suspicious and do not match accounts given by witnesses.All in all, the Warren Commission seemed to ignore 44 doctors and 20 eye-witnesses at the murder scene. Other evidence was destroyed. Governor Connallys shirt from the day of the shooting was dry cleaned at Johnsons request inside 24 hours (McAdams 2004). The car carrying the Kennedys and the Connallys was immediately cleaned and refurbished instead of being thoroughly examined for ballistic evidence. This was also ordered by Lyndon B. Johnson (McAdams 2004). Any forensic evidence that may have been provided by these ite ms was lost.Nobody will ever really receipt what happened that day in 1964. However, it seems that the facts are clearly not what they seem and that the Warren Commission did not deliberate into the discrepancies too deeply. The theories mentioned here are all viable theories that were not examined closely, if at all, by the authorities. The idea of a magic bullet is preposterous. It seems that something is being covered up. But what?ReferencesAnders, P. (1993). An Introduction to JFK Conspiracy Theories. Stay Free 4. gettable from http//www.stayfreemagazine.org/4/jfk.htm accessed 10 August 2006Ayton, M. (no date). Questions of Conspiracy. Spartacus UK. Available from accessed 10 August 2006McAdams, J. (2004). The Kennedy Assassination. Available from http//mcadams.posc.mu.edu/home.htm accessed 10 August 2006Odoni, Martin. (2005). Who Killed JFK? authentic Affairs. Available from http//havetstorm.tripod.com/currentaffairs/id7.html accessed 10 August 2006

Character Analysis of Emily Grierson: “A Rose for Emily” Essay

Emily Grierson was a southern belle who represent the obsolescent ship canal of the south. A wo creation, who was stubborn, unchanging and unable to let go of her h auntieing past took both her burdens and the quondam(a) ways of the south to her grave. Throughout the story the narrator refers to her as Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty and a care, a pattern of hereditary obligation on the t declare. tradition meaning that she was sort of royalty to the towns people because her father was the mayor of the town. This royalty gave Emily a sense of entitlement which could be seen throughout the story. An exercising would be when we she went to the store to buy some poison, she wanted the strongest poison the owner had to offer which was arsenic, a reference of rat poison. Although the druggist, by law has to know what she is going to use the poison for, Emily refuses to answer and continues to stare at the man until he decides to give her the arsenic.This is one of th e many examples of how Emily thinks she is somehow above the law and should not be questioned for her actions. Another example of her stubborn ways would be a few years later when she refuses to deport her taxes because Colonel Sartores said that she didnt deal to. She states that I have no taxes in Jefferson. Colonel Sartores explained it to me. The sheriff continues to reason with her by communicate her that the colonel sent a letter saying that she did in fact have to pay taxes but at once again, she refuses to believe it because she is stubborn and stuck in her own ways. This attitude of authority and entitlement was due the fact that her father was the mayor of the town and it was expected of everyone to showed respect. Not only was Emily entitled but she was also affablely unstable. It was thought that mental disorders ran in the family because her aunt was also mentally unstable as well.It seems that she has this need to want to control everyaffair because she had an a unt who was mentally unstable. Going back to the tax incident it turned out that the colonel has been dead for ten years and there would be no way of checking with him because of this, this apart of the story reveals that she seems to be living in her own reality that she is living in the past. Another example of this is whenher father died, her father sheltered her a spread shooing away boys so she became very isolated early in demeanor. When her father died, she clinged on to the very thing that kept her from living a life of her own because that was the only life she had ever had. This event seemed to have left her in a depressed state where she would never leave the house until she meets a man named Homer Baron. Baron was a Yankee or a man from the north who took an interest in Emily, they were often seen together in town and most people thought that they were married. When Emily found out that world power was not the marrying type she decided to take matters into her own han ds and killed baron with arsenic so that he would never leave her.Emily Grierson was an example of a way of life that was withering away. Miss Emily represented the old ways of the south and how they were dying off throughout the story. One prime example of this is when the Yankees from the north to alleviate build new sidewalk for the town showing the readers that the times are changing and that the old ways of life are dying. Emilys refusal to let go of the past and traditions represents what the old ways of the south were everything is preserved. The old ways of the south dealt with keeping up with tradition and preserving the past, which Emily, was also trying to preserve the shattered life that was left behind when her father died and any attempts to try and drag her out of the past and into the future were futile.Works-CitedCheuse, Alan, Delbanco, Nicholas (2012) lit Craft and Voice (second edition). New York, NY. McGraw-Hill. Faulkner, William (1932) A rose for EmilyLiteratu re Craft and Voice (second edition). New York, NY. McGraw-Hill. Maimon, E.P., Peritz, J.H., Yancey, K.B. (2012) The McGraw-Hill enchiridion (Third edition). New York, NY. p.417 Referencing a book with two or more Authors

Mass communication

In a face-to-face communication, the source or the person who started talking to you expresses himself finished with(predicate) with(predicate) the core in Aramaic. The encoding process involves his motor skills. These are his strain mechanisms, the movement of his lip and tongue, his lungs, his vocal cords and the face muscles. But what if the source had his vocal cords remove because of throat cancer? He may be able to encode his message verbally through artificial aid. But he may have difficulty doing so, nonverbally with the use of intonation, pitch and volume. That may cause the message to be encoded inappropriately or insufficiently.The channels through which you, as the receiver, receive his message are your five senses. The problem is you cannot understand the Aramaic language. Though there are channels through which slew send information, there could be a possibility that it cant be decoded. We cannot ratify that you will be able to decode what the source sent, the same way he sent it. This battle between your use of codes is an example of noise. (www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk, 2003)An example of a distance communication is through the telephone. For instance, you have a job from a faraway place. But due to a lot of lend and the other people waiting in line to use the pay phone, you only have a few transactions to call a friend, the receiver. You are the source here. You express your message through the mouthpiece of the telephone, which transmits the signal through the telephone-wire channel. The signal acquires static noise as it goes.This distorted signal is once again born-again so it can be received at the destination or at the other end, to the receiver. qualifying of information may occur, causing the message to be quite distinct from what you sent. The possible problem in distance communication, like in this example is, whether or not the telephone system will work properly. (Griffin,1997)In public communication, the source utilizes machines, which transmits public messages that sent to large audiences, who may be at different places at the same time. The channels are media like TV and movies. The audiences are the receivers. (University of South Florida, 2005)The Shannon-Weaver, though crack an efficient analysis, does not involve much consideration of the traces of the emotional and psychological drive of humans female genital organ the messages they send. (Buddenhagen, 1994)Generally speaking, the model is helpful in understanding the interrelatedness of the elements in a communication process. plant life Cited Buddenhagen, E. (1994). talk. Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http//www.explorit.org/science/bytes/communication.html Griffin, E. (1997) Information Theory of Claude Shannon & Warren Weaver.Electronic version A First Look at Communication Theory. Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http//www.afirstlook.com/archive/information.cfm?source=archtherCommunication Mass, Interpersonal, and Machine-Assisted (2005). Retrieved August 31, 2006, from University of South Florida, College of arts and sciences Website http//www.cas.usf.edu/lis/lis6260/lectures/shannon.htmThe Shannon-Weaver Model. (2003). Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http//www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/introductory/sw.html

Type of Mass Media

Type of upsurge media Mass media ar media, which send word be utilise to decl atomic number 18 and interact with a large number of references. Be it the pictorial gists of the early ages, or the high- engine room media that atomic number 18 us commensurate to mean solar day, one thing that we every last(predicate) told agree upon, is that bay window media atomic number 18 an inseparable part of our lives. Entertainment and media everlastingly go hand in hand, that in addition to the entertainment, chew media in any case remain to be an effective medium for confabulation, dissemination of selective cultivation, de none, marketing and in general, for expressing and sharing views, opinions and ideas.Mass media is a double-edged sword which operator that on that point are irresponsible effects of the mediaas well asnegative influences of media. The chump media includes newspapers, magazines, brochures, newsletters, books and pull down leaflets and pamphlets. Visual media manage photography hindquarters in any case be mentioned under this sub-head, since photography is an serious flock media, which communicates via visual representations. Although, it is said that the electronic or new media befool replaced the print media, there exists a mass of audiences who prefer the print media for motley intercourse purposes.Public speaking and event organizing canful in addition be considered as a form of mass media. Apart from that, electronic media to umteen hoi polloi, it is impossible to look a disembodied spirit without their telly sets, be it the daily news dose or even the soap operas. This mass media includes tv and communicatecommunication. This category also includes electronic media like movies, CDs and DVDs as well as the new hottest electronic gadgets. plot new-age media, with the approach of new technologies like Internet, we are now enjoying the benefits of high technology mass media, which is non lonesome(pre nominal) spendthrifter than the old-school mass media, but also has a widespread range.Mobile phones, computers and Internet are often referred to as the new-age media. Internet has clear up several new opportunities for mass communication which include email, websites, blogging, Internet , tv set and many other(a) mass media which are booming today. How does the modern mass media generate an influence on the society? Therefore, we must understand that mass media in statistics show that there are few things which daze the human mind much than mass media. The advice of teachers, parents and relatives may fall on deaf ears, but the mass media holds us all spellboundAt this point, it be summates necessary to define this concept. It may be defined as any form of communication which is meted out to the the great unwashed at large, through the heterogeneous forms of communication. What modes of communication are we talking about? Well there can be no static definition for the car ry of mass communication as they are increasing all the time. But any form of communication which is seen and understood by a large mass of people can be taken to cerebrate mass communication or media channels. Mass media holds a kind of mystique in the minds of the people.It is be micturate the communication is designed in such a office that it appeals to a larger demographic component. The test of a good mass communication marketing drive is to see if it gets the people talking. If it does, thus not only does it mean that the advertising drive has been successful, but the organization in charge of the mass communication is also getting packaging by the word-of-mouth channel. PRINT MEDIA Print media includes many different ways in which an advertiser can reach a guide group. Here are some of the different types of print media.The modern advertising techniques make use of many ways to convey messages to the consumers. Print media however, is one of the oldest forms of advertis ing methods. Print media also remains to be one of the most habitual forms of advertising because it can reach a wider target audience. There are unlike different types of print media, which help advertisers to target a particular segment of people. Heres a quick look at some of the various types of print media. Next, newspapers are the most popular forms of print media. The advertiser in this case can choose from a daily newspaper to a weekly tabloid.Different types of newspaper cater to various audiences and one can select the particular category accordingly. Advertisers then design press advertisements where in the size is decided as per the budget of the client. Content in newspapers go out slightly differ to that in magazines, tabloids and newsletters. These mediums serve the purpose of showcasing advertisements, news or entertainment related instruction to audiences. saucyspapers are a worldwide medium, that have been some far back to Julius Caesars time, in the form of g overning body bulletins.With the industrial revolution, newspaper were do possible to print and were use as a mover of communication in the year 1814, which kick started journalism. Country of Origin Year of Publication Name of briskspaper Germany 1609 Avisa France 1631 La Gazette (original name Gazette de France) Por jerked meatal, Lisbon 1645 A Gazeta Krakow, Poland 1661 Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny Haarlem, The Netherlands 1656 Opregte Haarlemsche Courant England 1702 The Daily Courant Inception of Some Newspaper Publications WorldwideThis circuit card traces some countries, with their front openations that started off the newspaper era. Besides that, magazines also offer advertisers an opportunity to incorporate various new techniques and ideas. Magazines are one such form of print media that travel by a more circumstantial target group to the client. The client can make a choice of the particular magazine as per the product. Morover, newsletters also form an card inal part of print media. These target a specific group of audience and give information on the product. Furthermore, brochures also give detailed information about the product.These are in general distributed at events or even at the main outlet when a consumer motivations to read in detail about the product. Posters are forms of outdoor advertising. The message in a poster has to be drawing and eye-catching as it targets a person on the move. Apart from these media, direct mail marketing, flyers, handbills or leaflets, touchstone advertising, billboard advertising, press releases are also various types of print media. RADIO Radio is a riveting medium among the various mass communication media because of its special characteristics.It continues to be as relevant and potent as it was in the early years despite the emergence of more glamorous media. It is a saying that in the first phase of broadcasting spanning three decades from the early twenties, communicatecommunication set reigned alone or was the dominant player. Similarity, intercommunicate is a scientific device that functions as an effective auditory instrument for communication. It also plays an important usance in gentility. It is not only informs, but also inspires human being for learning more and more.It is not only includes values and virtues, but also creates attitudes, involutions and appreciation of human life. It can cover a precise wide area at the same time. Radio has immense values, particularly in a growth area like India where constraints of finance, efficient teachers, suitable equipment and appliances adversely affect raisingal planning and administration. Besides that, radio is to play a significant part in expansion as well as soft improvement of education. There are some in get atible areas in our country where expansion of education has face difficulties.To a large number of amicablely disadvantaged children, education is neither meaningful nor interesting. Radi o served staggeringly the human instinct to know about events taking place around him and at inappropriate lands. No fairy tales, but the radio brought news from across the oceans and from inland without distinction. A regular listener of radio news would get an impression as the whole world has sh gestatek a feeling which print media would never had thought in around 400 years before the invention of the radio. Besdies, the news aired regularly from different lieus were costed by views and a much spicy discussion mong experts to generate more interest in events from hearty and political life. The announcements about weather, and trains or flights schedule has been an added advantage to radio listeners. There has been a growing awareness about the inadequacy of the traditional or formal frame of education not only for expansion, but also for improving the standards of education. The need for alternative mass-media is gradually felt along- with non-formal system of education. I t is a matter of fact that radio is an important instrument to foster the sense of unity and integrity among the people.The cultural programmes, debates, dialogue, through broadcasts involve a strong desire among the people to know each and others culture and values. In order to promote a sense of judgement and unity among people it is an inexpensive, but potential communication medium reaching all levels of people. So its role for national/emotional integration and international understanding is praise-worthy. Entertainment is an important aspect of human life. Radio is the most popular mass medium through which leisure is carefully utilized through song, drama and other cultural, programmes.It also provides information about various popular hobbies and leisure time activities. It gives happiness and joy through various programme. As already mentioned, radio brought a unique entertainment opportunities to people, especially for those who could not open up the luxury of visiting places where entertainment was obtainable only to the rich. With a radio set by their side, common people could also enjoy practice of medicine and stayed informed about events as ordinary as a street robbery to change of governments and tug of war among political rivals to availability of commodities in the market.But it was the entertainment which made the radio popular on first instance. Very soon the entertainment started moving in other areas than music. Comedy shows, gossip chat and state letters from listeners made people crazy about radio enjoyments. Vocational information about case and consumption practices in intentness and agriculture, use of manures and highbred seed, employment news are broadcast by Radio. Programmes regarding self-employment and talks by skilled people ensure better understanding among people for economic prosperity.Furthermore , radio opened gates of jobs never known before. To become a broadcaster with a radio station was considered to have a prestigious job in the early days of radio. It smooth is. The news-readers, copy writers, playwright for radio dramas, anchors for different discussion shows, musicians, recording engineers and a range of technical jobs came about so quickly that colleges and universities had to run degree programs to meet the requirement of radio stations to employee staff in its various sections.Apart from the above matters radio also inculcates scientific temper among people, helps to enjoy the cultural activities and eradicates social superstitions and age-old dogmas. The role of radio in shaping the society and providing information and education is significant. Educational broadcasting is also useful for improving education and for enrichment purposes. The radio marked a turning point, in the way information was conveyed or transferred, because it used beneficial to capture the attention of audiences.Being the first communications medium that could transfer or transmit live voices over long distances, radio was and still is one of the most effective medium. People depended and still depend upon it as a source of important news, and information. The importance and optimum use of radio as a mass media was nowhere more evident than in World war 1. Radio was used to send diplomatic messages when Germany found out the British had tapped its cables. It made itself a medium that audiences found as their connection to all that happened worldwide.If they ever knew that television system receiver and the Internet, would take the world by storm in this day and age, theyd be winded away by how were advancing, and still in the running to make it bigger and better. We cannot deny that radio itself is an grievous bodily harm medium of the sound. It is an aural or auditory medium, a medium of the ear. There are three major(ip) elements of a radio broadcast spoken-word, music and sound effects. They are all sounds carried on the air waves to the listener. T o be acceptable, all these sounds must be pleasant and expressive for the ears.They must be artistically integrated or mixed to provoke the imagination of the listener, otherwise, the intention of the broadcast would be defeated. Radio proven far more effective in mass communication as compared to the print media. The property of radio which did not require transportation of the message drew immense attention of common people and investors in the field of mass media. Once the radio technology was recognized as an effective means of communication, there was a race among companies and one-on-ones to have their own radio facility. TELEVISION telly is now playing a very important role in our lives. Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparative cheap one. Television keeps us informed about current events. It allows us to follow the latest developments in science and politics. It also offers an endless series of programs that are twain instructive and entertaining. mor e television programs introduce people to things they never thought of before and have never heard of before. Television series have done a great job in popularizing many literary masterpieces.Besides, television has been good company to those who do not attain, like housewives and lonely old people. The progression of television has come a long way from black and white and color TV to plasma and LCD TVs. The advent of this ever-changing medium started in the late 1930s, for entertainment and news purposes initially. Now, we have advertising, that has been incorporated into entertainment and news, to give viewers a chance to avail from products/ aids. Theres also a new way of accessing the Internet, by victimization a Web TV that is hooked up instead of a PC, to browse information, and watch streaming videos on large LCD screens.After production of the TV program, a news channel has to make it available to the market, for those who are interested in viewing it. These programs can be talk shows, cooking shows, serials, movies and so on. There are two ways that is done. First/OriginalRun Once a program is completed by the manufacturing task, of either double or a single episode/s, he/she then wants a network or station to view it to audiences. These networks/TV stations already pay for the production themselves, or license a producer to do it instead before it is viewed to the people.Broadcast Syndication This is when secondary runs of a program, which go beyond its original first issue run, is again broadcast in other countries/topically and isnt necessarily managed by the producer. In this case other TV stations, individuals or companies involve themselves in selling the product to available markets that they are allowed to showcase it to, commonly under contract basis in some cases from the copyright holders/producers. With television people are still free to enjoy other civilized pleasures, or even more.There are a considerable anatomy of programs on t elevision. The viewer is always free to choose whatever he wants to see. Furthermore, television provides enormous possibilities for education, like school programs via closed-circuit television as well as special broadcasts for those in a TV University or Open University. It also offers specialized subjects like language teaching, sewing, cooking, painting, cosmetics. Television does the job of education in the broadest sense. Instructive programs achieve their goal through entertaining the viewers.Moreover, television provides an outlet for creative talents and people all around the world are no longer distant and isolated from each other. It brings most distant countries and the strangest customs right into your living room. Compared with radio, everything on television is more lifelike, vivid, and echt. Television may be a vital factor in holding a family together. Especially where there are economic problems that cause the husband and wife to be at a breaking point. There is n o denying that television keeps people informed about the government and its programs .It also keeps people informed news and weather too. In addition , it ask people to be aware of certain disasters like floods, winds. In the case of serious problems television tells people what to do. Therefore, people can be taught about safety through television. On the other hand, television is an audio-visual and sophisticated scientific device. It telecasts programmes from far and wide areas of the country and abroad. It has an important role to play for entertainment and education of people all over the world. Environment pollution and ecological imbalances have challenged the life on the nation in modern times.Rapid population growth, urbanization problem of drain, huge origination of garbage, deforestation, evacuation of sarcastic gases from industry and automobiles are some of the causality of environment pollution. Necessity of clear environment for health and hygiene, needy of saniti zation information about birth control devices are to be taught to mass through different programme. frequent awareness about the environment and its problems are raised through TV programmes. Socio-Political and Cultural achievement of the country described through different programmes to foster the sense of brotherhood among the people of different caste, creed and sex.Changing social systems, cultural and political issues are also brought for discussion and debate and exhibition on cultural qualify and political reviews are necessary for preservation of cultural values. Televisions another function is to provide entertainment to people through the programmes like Cinema, Serial, and Sports. Its role as an important communication medium is noteworthy for promoting national unity, maturation economy and refining socio-cultural life of people. Its great contribution to humanity is education through different programmes.In short, we can never hide from the truth that television is very significant in our lives these days. It is very hard to imagine life without TV. It brings us together with some other cultures in other countries. It offers unending entertainment scenes and important information about life. It provide still remain as a great medium of information that will still affect the peoples lives in the future generations. Internet Internet technology has paved the way to revolutionize all that we thought was either hidden or inaccessible.From the different types of media, the history of the Internet can be terminationed to be, by far, mans greatest innovation story. The Internet has made it possible to contact others worldwide, nationally and locally to send emails and be a part of chat rooms and conferences blogging with discussion boards, opinion polls and forums webcam viewing global mapping victimization Google Earth , sending and receiving images and files, downloading from the Internet through websites, signing up to a social networking websi tes, radio stations with live streaming , video streaming and lots more.It has stomped out conventional norms, with every teenager, adult and senior owning either a laptop or PC today. News can also be viewed via satellite with reporters covering events on site and sending it via the Internet to broadcasting news networks. Its an uniting of uses, that is above all user-friendly and hi-tech. Using radio waves and frequency, not to mention satellite transmissions we are able to access a whole new domain when it comes down to getting what we want and need inwardly minutes.The Internet revolution has made it easier for people to get in touch, fuel business, make profits, shop and access free information from any Internet access enabled device. It is truly a technology that speaks for itself. The meshwork is a medium with which we can view information from anywhere in the world. Documents from the World Wide Web and various other services such as instant chat, email are available thr ough the profit. just about of the time, everyone thinks that the internet and the W3 are the same, however this is not true. The internet is a network of cables, which allow users to access information of various sorts.The data is transmitted through the Internet Protocol, which is known as the IP. Each computer will have a separate identity when it comes to the use of the internet. Though the internet was available, it only became a place word in the year 1996. But at the beginning, the use of the internet was very expensive. Most of the users went to public centers to use the internet for a high price per hour. As the use became more popular, there was an increase in the speed of the internet and also decrease in cost. Networks were planned, and looking at the money, many service providers entered the market.They made it very simple for all users, and the use of the internet became very cheap. Everyone at home could afford to get a connection, and now most users will have unlim ited access as well. This has made it possible for many people to benefit. Those who are unable to go out may get opportunities to work from home. Various other doors have been opened to the average human, and everyone has taken advantage of the creation. Almost every individual uses the internet where it is available, irrespective of age groups. This medium caters to the needs for all age groups. The internet has made a lot of activities very easy.The medium is used for almost all purposes, even with important issues such as education and government organizations. It has come a long way from the use with only scientific organizations and institutes etc. There was a phenomenal growth in the years 1996 and 1997. The growth for the internet has been at around hundred percent per year. Majority of the users use the English language for the internet, as computer development happened in America in all stages. There are other languages as well, such as French, German, Chinese and Arabic. Internet has also made life easy because we can view through various means.The internet has been improved through time it took many years of improving to become what people know it today. The internet has impact peoples lives in different ways, but unfortunately some people use this easy and fast technology to do unacceptable things. Internet helps individuals in communications because it is fast and effective. And thats why organizations started to use this technology to provide information about their activities and open the door for easy and fast communications with individuals. However, it is not shed light on that all changes in values caused by the internet are negative.People must think about what positive changes that internet could make. The Internet actually embodies high and strong values from which it derives an almost irresistible strength. These include fleshly values such as speed, timeliness, efficiency and productivity. The government uses the internet in someth ing called the E-government. The E-government is a general term describing the use of technologies to facilitate the operation of government and the disbursement of government information and services. By utilise the E-government, people can reach the government more easily and quickly.It also can be used to provide information for citizens citizens are able to read information in the time and place they want. If a citizen wants to send an application or a document for a certain purpose, he can do it easily and quickly with the E-government technologies (E-government). Despite all the negativities of the internet, the benefits of using it are much greater than the harms. The society was affected by internet, and internet will keep affecting society and its values always. Maybe one day all the society activities will be managed by the internet. TELEGRAPHA wire is any system that transmits encoded information by signal across a distance. Although it is associated with sending messag es via an electric automobile current, the word telegraphy was coined to describe an optical system of sending coded messages. From its invention until the telephone became a viable system, the telegraph was the standard means of communicating both between and within metropolitan areas in bothEuropeand the United States. Telegrams and telexes used telegraphy but are rapidly being replaced by facsimile (fax) transmissions through telephone lines.Satellitetransmission and high-frequency radio bands are used for international telegraphy. The telegraph was the result of a slew of inventions from all over the world. Many are unaware of the fact that the telegraph actually preceded the railroad in forging extra local and interregional links. The reason for this was that the telegraph was used primarily for business reasons. Prior to the creation and distribution of the telegraph, America experienced a business revolution. As the business demand grew, there was a drift towards a natural m onopoly of the telegraph industry.This monopoly allowed the major telegraph firms to increase the prices of the telegraph which undoubtedly prevented many people in society from using this invention for private and personal reasons. In fact, the public could not afford to pay the high be but telegraph companies knew business firms could, so they did not use the telegraph as a means of communication. In America, the telegraph was only able to gain popularity because of the demand placed on it by business firms. It wasnt until the invention of the telephone that the public began to truly utilize such a communicating device.As we know, the electric telegraph was one of the first telecommunications technologies of the industrial age. Its immediate predecessors were homing pigeons, visual networks, the Pony Express, and railroads. By convey information quickly over long distances, the telegraph facilitated the growth in the railroads, consolidated financial and good markets, and reduce d information costs within and between firms. This entry focuses on the industrial organization of the telegraph industry from its inception through its demise and the industrys impact on the American economy.The telegraph was similar to many other inventions of the nineteenth century. It replaced an existing technology, dramatically reduced costs, was monopolized by a single firm, and ultimately was displaced by a newer technology. It is nearly impossible to determine the full extent to which the telegraph changed the way people lived. It was not so much because ordinary citizens made use of it on a regular basis. In fact, it was a rather expensive means of communication that mostly appealed to big business and government. But telegraph lines followed the westwards expansion of the railroad across North America.They made it possible to communicate quickly over capacious distances and they linked far-flung settlements with population centers back east. This helped foster a stronge r sense of national identity and underscored the need for more standardization and uniformity. The invention of the telegraph could in some ways be seen as the real beginning of our modern age, given the way in which it so interconnected the entire world. Almost synchronal with its birththere was the emergence of a new kind of journalism that made currency its stock in trade.Reporting events that had only just occurred took precedence over a newspapers traditional editorial role, and news was describe almost as soon as it happened. Corporations also could become larger and more far-flung, and nations became necessarily more interdependent. With the telegraph, information in all its aspects and forms which began to assume the critical role it plays today. Last but not least, the telegraph proved especially useful to the military. It was first used for these purposes in 1854 by the Allied Army in Bulgaria during the Crimean War.A transcontinental telegraph line had been completed in the United States just as the Civil War began, and the telegraph proved enormously useful to both sides. During the Spanish-American War in 1898, undersea telegraph cables were faded as an act of belligerency for the first time, and in World War I, teleprinters with secret codes were heavily used by all combatants. Telegraph Timeline 1837 Cooke and Wheatstone patent telegraph in England. 1838 Morses Electro-Magnetic Telegraph patent approved. 1843 First message sent between Washington and Baltimore. 1846 First commercial telegraph line completed.The Magnetic Telegraph Companys lines ran from New York to Washington. Houses Printing Telegraph patent approved. 1848 Associated Press formed to pool telegraph traffic. 1849 Bains Electro-Chemical patent approved. 1851 Hiram Sibley and associates incorporate New York and Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Company. Later became Western jointure. 1851 Telegraph first used to organise train departures. 1857 Treaty of Six Natio ns is signed, creating a national cartel 1859 First transatlantic cable is pose from Newfoundland to Valentia, Ireland. Fails after 23 days, having been used to send a total of 4,359 words.Total cost of laying the line was $1. 2 million. 1861 First Transcontinental telegraph completed. 1866 First successful transatlantic telegraph laid Western Union merges with major remaining rivals. 1867 Stock ticker service inaugurated. 1870 Western Union introduces the money order service. 1876 black lovage Graham Bell patents the telephone. 1908 AT&T gains control of Western Union. Divests itself of Western Union in 1913. 1924 AT&T offers Teletype system. 1926 Inauguration of the direct stock ticker circuit from New York to San Francisco. 1930 High-speed tickers can print 500 words per minute. 1945 Western Union and Postal Telegraph Company merge. 1962 Western Union offers teletype machine for international teleprinting. 1974 Western Union places Westar satellite in operation. 1 988 Western Union Telegraph Company reorganised as Western Union Corporation. The telecommunications assets were divested and Western Union focuses on money transfers and loan services. REFFERENCES Books Coe, Lewis. The Telegraph A History of Morses Invention andIts Predecessors in the United States. Jefferson, NC McFarland, 1993. Holzmann, Gerald J. and Bjorn Pehrson. The Early History ofData Networks. Los Alamitos, CA IEEE Computer fellowship Press, 1995. Israel, Paul. From Machine Shop to Industrial LaboratoryTelegraphy and the Changing Context of American Invention. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. Brock, Gerald. The Telecommunications Industry. Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1981. DuBoff, Richard. Business guide and the Development of the Telegraph in the United States, 1844-1860. Business History Review54 (1980) 461-477. http//www. preservearticles. com/201105056315/role-of-radio-in-education. html

Copyright Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

right of first publication - taste ExampleThis system allows the potential sharing of right of first publicationed materials, which can give rise to copyright infringement. Copyright infringement, under the US laws, is the copying or substantial reproduction of materials that are protected by the copyright law (Miller & Jentz 2007 155). A group of music companies led by A&M Records, Inc. brought an action against Napster for copyright violation, with preliminary injunction, in the District Court for the Northern District of California. In 2000, Judge Marilyn Patel accordingly issued a preliminary injunction against Napster enjoining the latter from engaging in or facilitating others in copying, downloading, uploading, transmitting or distributing plaintiffs copyrighted (A&M Records, Inc. v Napster, Inc. 2000 114 F Supp. 2d 896) materials. The order was appealed by Napster to the 9th Circuit, which however, sustained the order but remanding it to the lower court for refinement noti ng that it was too broad. In reaching its decision, the 9th Circuit had to decide on the merits of the arguments of the defendants, in defense of itself and its users. The arguments of defendant Napster centered on the implied immunity given under the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 (AHRA) and the exception provided under the fair use doctrine.

A problem solving model for Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A problem solving stupefy for Wal-Mart - Essay ExampleThe largest retailing company of the world, Walmart has been facing a decline in sales in the US, continuously for nine straight quarters, according to The Wall Street Journal. This has been partially due to the scotch recession and partially owing to the negative image that has been there for this company. In order to suggest a package of solutions to get over with this sales slump, this paper invisages synthesizing various fundamental lawal theories, with a concentre on ternion- the neoclassical speculation put forth by Roethlisberger and Dickson (1943), the socio-technical hypothesis proposed by Pasmore and the incident surmise evolved by Hellriegel and Slocum (1973). This project will put forth innovative and creative solutions to rectify the sales flag in Wal-mart, using the problem-solving tools provided by these three theories.Access has been gained into the facts about the government activityal design of Wal-Ma rt by conducting interviews with three senior level managers in charge of organizational structure. Basically, the design of Wal-Mart, as an organization, is that of a divisional structure. It has different divisions like, Wal-Mart Realty, Wal-Mart International, Wal-Mart Specialty Stores, Sams Clubs, and Supercenters which are separate and partially autonomous units. Each division has its own specific secure of goals. Step-2The three theoretical frame works selected for this paper are chosen based on the advantages they arrest in addressing the specific issue in focus. For example, most of the complaints against Wal-Mart that have led to legal litigations and negative promotion has been regarding labor issues and hence a worker-centered approach put forward by Roethlisberger and Dickson (1943) can help re-model the organizations functioning in such a way as to avert this criticism. Similarly, the socio-technical theory of Pasmore ((1988, p.87-109) and the contingency theory by H ellriegel and Slocum (1973) have their focus on the environmental aspects of an organization, which can be applied in the case of Wal-Mart which is haunted by many a social conflicts. Neoclassical theory of Roethlisberger and Dickson (1943) has as its mall focus, the relationship betwixt working conditions and employee efficiency (p.1). Through an experiment, Roethlisberger and Dickson (1943) had proven that there was a connection between better working conditions and better performance. In this way, this theory had changed the essence of organizational theories evolved thus far by replacing the mechanistic views by a more humanistic worker-oriented view. This theory had asserted that An one-on-one is non a mechanical tool but a distinct social being, with aspirations beyond mere fulfilment of a few economic and security works. Individuals differ from each other in pursuing these desires. Thus, an individual should be recognized as interacting with social and economic factors (N RMED-FAO, n.d.). Participative management has been another aspect of this theory, whereby employees are assumption an appropriate role in the decision making process (NRMED-FAO, n.d.). Any application of the neoclassical theory has to be by keeping in mind, the existence of an in full-dress organization within any formal organization, the socio-psychological factors that influence workers, the inherent illogicality of human mind, the two-way flow of communication within the hierarchy, and the need of teamwork (Pradeep, p.295). Socio-technical theory of Pasmore (1988) has based all its assumptions on the fact that every organization consists of the people, the technical system and the environment (NRMED-FAO, n.d.). In this theory also, the importance of considering workers a human beings and all the more, social beings, is stressed (Pasmore, p.5). It has been observed that what is meant by an organization is actually an balance, a contract between and among people and changes in th e organization will affect this agreement and vice versa

Educational services PEI ( prince Edward Island) Essay

Educational services PEI ( prince Edward Island) - Essay ExampleIt accounts around 78% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The largest employer amongst in all the sectors is the retail sector of Canada, then health care and the education are the two largest service sectors of Canada and two are operated and fall under the concern of the Canadian government. Then are the business services that employee a little percentage of people. Business services include financial services, the communication industry and real nation services. Other than these there is a tourism industry focusing on increasing the tourism and tourists, cheer industry which works for meeting both the domestic and foreign demands and the high tech industry. (Internation Monetary strain (IMF), 2012)Amongst all the sub sectors of the services sector, educational services is selected for this paper. The educational sector of the Canada plays an important role in building the knowledge skills and capabilities of th e Canadian labor.According to the NAICS (61) educational services in the Canada comprises of the establishments that provide the Canadian miserliness with the training and instructions in the wide variety of the subjects. All the instructions and trainings to the seekers are provided by the alter establishments that are the schools, colleges, universities and further training centers. These establishments can be privately owned that are either operated for kale or non profits or they might be public owned and operated establishments. These establishments along with the instructions and trainings allege food and the accommodation services to their students. Educational services to the students are provided by the teachers. Teachers, tell, explain, supervise, demonstrate and direct instruction of their students. The instructions are communicated to the students through diverse settings that include the educational institutions, television, work place and home through the corresp ondence. Further, it could