Hydrolic Fracking Research Paper Essay

Hydraulic fracturing is a process used in nine out of 10 natural gas wells in the United States, where millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals are pumped underground to break apart the rock and release the gas. Scientists are worried that the chemicals used in fracturing may pose a threat either underground or when waste fluids are handled and sometimes spilled on the surface. The natural gas industry defends hydraulic fracturing, better known as fracking, as safe and efficient. Thomas J. Pyle, president of the Institute for Energy Research, a pro-industry non-profit organization, claims fracking has been â€Å"a widely deployed as safe extraction technique,† dating back to 1949. What he doesn’t say is that until recently energy companies had used low-pressure methods to extract natural gas from fields closer to the surface than the current high-pressure technology that extracts more gas, but uses significantly more water, chemicals, and elements. The industry claims well drilling in the Marcellus Shale will bring several hundred thousand jobs, and has minimal health and environmental risk. President Barack Obama in his January 2012 State of the Union, said he believes the development of natural gas as an energy source to replace fossil fuels could generate 600,000 jobs. However, research studies by many economists and others debunk the idea of significant job creation. Barry Russell, president of the Independent Petroleum Association of America, says â€Å"no evidence directly connects injection of fracking fluid into shale with aquifer contamination.† Fracking â€Å"has never been found to contaminate a water well,† says Christine Cronkright, communications director for the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Research studies and numerous incidents of water contamination prove otherwise. In late 2010, equipment failure may have led to toxic levels of chemicals in the well water of at least a dozen families in Co noquenessing Township in Bradford County. Township officials and Rex Energy, although acknowledging that two of the drilling wells had problems with the casings, claimed there were pollutants in the drinking water before Rex moved into the area. John Fair disagrees. â€Å"Everybody had good water a year ago,† Fair told environmental writer and activist Iris Marie Bloom in February 2012. Bloom says residents told her the color of water changed to red, orange, and gray after Rex began drilling. Among the chemicals detected in the well water, in addition to methane gas, were ammonia, arsenic, chloromethane, iron, manganese, t-butyl alcohol, and toluene. While not acknowledging that its actions could have caused the pollution, Rex did provide fresh water to the residents, but then stopped doing so on Feb. 29, 2012, after the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) said the well water was safe. The residents absolutely disagreed and staged protests against Rex; environmental activists and other residents trucked in portable water jugs to help the affected families. The Marcellus Outreach Butler blog (MOB) declared that residents’ â€Å"lives have been severely disrupted and their health has been severely impacted. To just ‘close the book’ on investigations into their troubles when so many indicators point to the accountability of the gas industry for the disruption of their lives is unbelievable . In April 2011, near Towanda, Pa., seven families were evacuated after about 10,000 gallons of wastewater contaminated an agricultural field and a stream that flows into the Susquehanna River, the result of an equipment failure, according to the Bradford County Emergency Management Agency.The following month, DEP fined Chesapeake Energy $900,000, the largest amount in the state’s history, for allowing methane gas to pollute the drinking water of 16 families in Bradford County during the previous year. The DEP noted there may have been toxic methane emissions from as many as six wells in five towns. The DEP also fined Chesapeake $188,000 for a fire at a well in Washington County that injured three workers. In January 2012, an equipment failure at a drill site in Susquehanna County led to a spill of several thousand gallons of fluid for almost a half-hour, causing potential pollution, according to the DEP. In its citation to Carizzo Oil and Gas, the DEP strongly recommended that the company cease drilling at all 67 wells â€Å"until the cause of this problem and a solution are identified.† In December 2011, the federal Environmental Protection Agency concluded that fracking operations could be responsible for groundwater pollution.â€Å"Today’s methods make gas drilling a filthy business. You know it’s bad when nearby residents can light the water coming out of their tap on fire,† says Larry Schweiger, president of the National Wildlife Federation. Whatâ €™s causing the fire is the methane from the drilling operations. A ProPublica investigation in 2009 revealed methane contamination was widespread in drinking water in areas around fracking operations in Colorado, Texas, Wyoming, and Pennsylvania. The presence of methane in drinking water in Dimock, Pa., had become the focal point for Josh Fox’s investigative documentary, Gasland, which received an Academy Award nomination in 2011 for Outstanding Documentary; Fox also received an Emmy for non-fiction directing. Fox’s interest in fracking intensified when a natural gas company offered $100,000 for mineral rights on property his family owned in Milanville, in the extreme northeast part of Pennsylvania, about 60 miles east of Dimock. Research by a team of scientists from Duke University revealed â€Å"methane contamination of shallow drinking water systems that is associated with shale-gas extraction.† The data and conclusions, published in the May 2011 issue of the prestigious Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, note d that not only did most drinking wells near drilling sites have methane, but those closest to the drilling wells, about a half-mile, had an average of 17 times the methane of those of other wells. â€Å"Some of the chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing—or liberated by it—are carcinogens,† Dr. Sandra Steingraber told members of the Environmental Conservation and Health committee of the New York State Assembly. Dr. Steingraber, a biologist and distinguished scholar in residence at Ithaca College, pointed out that some of the chemicals â€Å"are neurological poisons with suspected links to learning deficits in children,† while others â€Å"are asthma triggers. Some, especially the radioactive ones, are known to bioaccumulate in milk. Others are reproductive toxicants that can contribute to pregnancy loss.† An investigation by New York Times reporter Ian Urbina, based upon thousands of unreported EPA documents and a confidential study by the natural gas industry, concluded, â€Å"Radioactivity in drilling waste cannot be fully diluted in rivers and other waterways.† Urbina learned that wastewater from fracking operations was about 100 tim es more toxic than federal drinking water standards; 15 wells had readings about 1,000 times higher than standards. Research by Dr. Ronald Bishop, a biochemist at SUNY/Oneonta, suggests that fracking to extract methane gas â€Å"is highly likely to degrade air, surface water and ground-water quality, to harm humans, and to negatively impact aquatic and forest ecosystems.† He notes that â€Å"potential exposure effects for humans will include poisoning of susceptible tissues, endocrine disruption syndromes, and elevated risk for certain cancers.† Every well, says Dr. Bishop, â€Å"will generate a sediment discharge of approximately eight tons per year into local waterways, further threatening federally endangered mollusks and other aquatic organisms.† In addition to the environmental pollution by the fracking process, Dr. Bishop believes â€Å"intensive use of diesel-fuel equipment will degrade air quality [that could affect] humans, livestock, and crops.† Equally important are questions about the impact of as many as 200 diesel-fueled trucks each day bringing water to t he site and then removing the waste water. In addition to the normal diesel emissions of trucks, there are also problems of leaks of the contaminated water. â€Å"We need to know how diesel fuel got into our water supply,† says Diane Siegmund, a clinical psychologist from Towanda, Pa. â€Å"It wasn’t there before the companies drilled wells; it’s here now,† she says. Siegmund is also concerned about contaminated dust and mud. â€Å"There is no oversight on these,† she says, â€Å"but those trucks are muddy when they leave the well sites, and dust may have impact miles from the well sites.† Research â€Å"strongly implicates exposure to gas drilling operations in serious health effects on humans, companion animals, livestock, horses, and wildlife,† according to Dr. Michelle Bamberger, a veterinarian, and Dr. Robert E. Oswald, a biochemist and professor of molecular medicine at Cornell University. Their study, published in New Solutions, an academic journal in environmental health, documents evidence of milk contamination, breeding problems, and cow mortality in areas near fracking operation s as higher than in areas where no fracking occurred. Drs. Bamberger and Oswald noted that some of the symptoms present in humans from what may be polluted water from fracking operations include rashes, headaches, dizziness, vomiting, and severe irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. For animals, the symptoms often led to reproductive problems and death. Significant impact upon wildlife is also noted in a 900-page Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) conducted by New York’s Department of Environmental Conservation. According to the EIS, â€Å"In addition to loss of habitat, other potential direct impacts on wildlife from drilling in the Marcellus Shale include increased mortality . . . altered microclimates, and increased traffic, noise, lighting, and well flares.† The impact, according to the report, â€Å"may include a loss of genetic diversity, species isolation, population declines . . . increased predation, and an increase of invasive species.† The report concludes that because of fracking, there is â€Å"little to no place in the study areas where wildlife would not be impacted, [leading to] serious cascading ecological consequences.† The impact of course affects the quality of milk and meat production as animals drink and graze near areas that have been taken over by the natural gas industry. The response by the industry and its political allies to the scientific studies of the health and environmental effects of fracking â€Å"has approached the issue in a manner similar to the tobacco industry that for many years rejected the link between smoking and cancer,† say Drs. Bamberger and Oswald. Not only do they call for â€Å"full disclosure and testing of air, water, soil, animals, and humans,† but point out that with lax oversight, â€Å"the gas drilling boom . . . will remain an uncontrolled health experiment on an enormous scale.† Bibliography of Works Cited: http://www.marcellusoutreachbutler.org/ http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/03/19/the-perils-of-fracking/ www.coalitiontoprotectnewyork.org http://psehealthyenergy.net/data/Bamberger_Oswald_NS22_in_press.pdf http://www.scribd.com/doc/97449702/100-Fracking-Victims http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/04/us/04natgas.html?pagewanted=all http://steingraber.com/ http://frack.mixplex.com/content/scientific-study-links-flammable-drinking-water-fracking http://www.hydraulicfracturing.com/Pages/information.aspx http://www.epa.gov/hydraulicfracture/ http://geology.com/articles/hydraulic-fracturing/

Animal Farm †Book Report Essay

Animal Farm talks not only about the corruption of rebellion and revolt by its leaders but also how wickedness, indifference, ignorance and greed influence it. It illustrates immoral leadership, a flaw of revolution. It also depicts how ignorance and indifference to problems within a rebellion allows terrible things to happen if a smooth transition to the people’s government is unsuccessful. Old Major, the old boar on the Manor Farm, summons all the animals on the farm to a meeting, where he compares the humans to parasites and teaches the animals a revolutionary song, ‘Beasts of England’. When Major dies three days later, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, assume command and turn his dream into a philosophy. The animals revolt and drive the drunken and irresponsible farmer Mr. Jones from his farm, renaming it â€Å"Animal Farm†. Animal Farm symbolizes Russia under the Communist Party rule. But more generally, Animal Farm stands for any human society- capitalist, socialist, fascist, or communist. It possesses the structure of a nation with a government (the pigs), a police force (the dogs), a working class (all the other animals), along with state holidays and rituals. Its location in the middle of a number of hostile, neighboring farms supports its symbolism as a political system with diplomatic concerns. Overall, Animal Farm was an amazing book with an incredible sense of morality and had several important themes. The author, George Orwell, displayed his theme in an interesting and entertaining way. I learned that one person’s (or pig’s-in this situation) greed and ignorance can lead to disastrous consequences.

Role Of Women Until 1500 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Role Of Women Until 1500 - Research Paper Example The difference focused on the amount of freedom given to women. Prior to the Vedas age, women were well taken care of but there were no opportunities for them to own properties. Their status was subordinate to men. During the Vedas age, women were of equivalent status with men. There have been fewer restrictions in a woman’s freedom at that time. Women have an active role, not only in managing the household but also in managing agriculture and crafts that bring business and money in for the family. The primary reason for this is that men were unavailable because of the wars at that time. And so women are allowed and given the chance to take care of the economic aspect of their families. As the years pass by, women gained more mobility and freedom though still tied to their roles as wives to their husbands. Though they had acquired freedom in education, career and independence, they were still seen as the counterparts of men, establishing the fact that women’s primary role is to be a partner to their husbands. Men and women have joint ownership on properties and estates. Women had the right to inheritance and to own properties as men had. Women are allowed to participate in intellectual discussions. High-class women of the society are well-educated. Women are not limited to their careers as wives and mothers. They were part of the working class. Society allowed them to nurture and pursue careers that they have longed studied and mastered. Women were also free to participate in religious ceremonies. Even if the wife is supposed to be the caretaker of the husband and the family, a counterpart of the husband, their role were significant as to understanding that a home is incomplete without the wife who manages it. Before the 1500s arrived, changes in the roles and position of women happened. At the time when war was rampant, the duty of the women to bear sons was important. 500 B.C. to 500 A.D. were better times

Abraham linkon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abraham linkon - Essay Example As a result, he took an approach of preventing the spread of silvery into other territories and expected it to die a natural death without attacking it directly. On the contrary, Douglas believed that slavery as morally wrong, though he believed the people reserved the right to either observe it or not. For instance, Douglas believed that despite the Dread Scott Supreme Court ruling, municipalities had a duty not support legislations that supported slavery if they chose to. Settlers according to Douglas could also prevent slavery by not adopting the local legislations in such localities, which would have led to slavery being combated from a moral point of view despite the legislation permitting it. The controversial Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was responsible for alienating the northerners, resulting in political turmoil and violence that largely ate into the democrat’s political power. Douglas advocated for a popular sovereignty approach in abolishing slavery in this region. To Douglas this was a deeply rooted in democracy and in the republic principles as envisaged by declaration of independence (Etcheson, 2008). On the contrary, to Lincoln, this was a subversion of the spirit of republicanism; he blamed Douglas for the chaos that led to a bleeding Kansas. Lincoln directly attacked the legitimacy of the sovereignty meaning as stated in the act. Lincoln took it as his lawful and constitutional obligation to uphold the law, prohibit slavery, and encourage the return of fugitives. On the contrary, Douglas opted to use the â€Å"let the people decide† approach to prevent angering the whites in including the free states into senate voting blocs (Etcheson, 2008). Tho ugh Douglas was trying to organize the northern territories, the southern politicians who were not interested to add more voters to the Free State block in the senate

Beethovens Symphony vs. Steve Lawrence Song Essay

Beethovens Symphony vs. Steve Lawrence Song - Essay Example In addition, the movement starts with two dramatic fortissimo phrases, which are the motif. The symphony uses imitations and sequences to expand the theme. The imitations tumble over each other with rhythmic regularity, which makes them, appears as if in single form. This forms a flowing melody. After a brief fortissimo  bridge, which is played by horns, is played just before the second theme is introduced. At this stage, we can hear the second theme, which is played in E flat major. This is a relative major, which is more lyrical. It involves playing the piano and the four-note motif with the string companionment. The four-note motif is again based on the codetta. This involves using modulation, development section follows, sequences and imitation, which includes the fortissimo  bridge (Price 10). The second movement in this symphony is played in A flat major. This involves a lyrical work in double variation form. This means that the themes in this case are varied. It also invol ves a long coda. This movement involves playing clarinets, bassoons, violins, with a triplet  arpeggio  in the violas and bass. The third movement involves a ternary form, which consists of scherzo  and trio. A new scherzo and trio form are used in this movement. This movement also has an opening theme that contrasts the previously played themes. This happens due to the use of wind instrument that is regularly repeated. The horns are also included in the movements that are played louder than in the previous movement. This section is in C major. The fourth movement begins with interruption after the scherzo. It has sonata forms used at the end of the development stage. This happens by the music... The researcher of this essay focuses on the comparison of the Beethoven’s symphony and Steve Lawrence song. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Germany in 1770, and lived until 1827. He was a composer and a pianist. He attended a music school when he was still a young child. Steve Lawrence is an American born actor and singer born in the mid-20th century. Lawrence has played a number of records in the 1950s and the 1960s that made it into the billboard charts. His genre of music includes the blue-eyed soul, R&B, rock, blues-rock, pop rock, and jazz. His music includes the uses of electric organ, synthesizers, bass, drums, guitar, mandolin, violin and other strings. In contrast to the Symphony Number 5, Allegro Con Brio by Beethoven, Steve Lawrence music involves modern equipment’s that are not used in Beethoven’s music. In conclusion, Beethoven’s symphony used combination of movements such as allegro con brio, Second movement, Andante con moto, Third movement , Scherzo Allegro and Fourth movement, allegro. These include an opening sonata, an andante, and a fast scherzo and attacca to the end. The resercher also states that there are different themes that are included in the symphonies as compared to the modern music. We can also learn that there has been an emerging trend in the kind of instruments that have been used overtime. Moreover, the researcher then concluds the essay and mentiones that modern music involves communicating a lot through words while symphonies involved more of instruments.

Advanced research methods in business Dissertation

Advanced research methods in business - Dissertation Example An intensive analysis of the concept of cross-cultural training is done using the works of different people including academicians, researchers etc. The aim of the research is identified to be to examine the different methods of cross-cultural training; to evaluate and find out the effect of CCT on the performance of foreign employees recruited by US company in China; to identify the problems faced and adjustment made by the foreign employees in China; and to identify the best method of cross-cultural training. The research will employ a quantitative method to achieve the objectives. The techniques that will be used include a quantitative performance appraisal and adjustment questionnaire that will be sending to participants via email. The participants will include 200 foreign employees- either US citizens or foreigners- who will be divided into group A and group B. Both the groups will be given different cross-cultural training. The research will be done as a comparative research an d for this the performance appraisal and adjustment made by the participants will be taken twice- before and after training. Thesis Statement: To analyze the impact of two different forms of cross-cultural trainings on the overall performance and adjustment of foreigner employees in an American multi-national company that has opened a new subsidiary in China. Introduction: Cross-cultural training is an important concept and activity adopted in almost every international business in the present world. Cross-cultural training is always included in the business plan while entering an international market. The cross-cultural training is often given to a foreigner who is being recruited to the country where the business is started by the organization. The cross-cultural training includes different types of training which makes the employee eligible to work in the host country. In this world of globalization and liberalization, the scope for international business have raised and touched the sky thereby making room for more extensive cross-cultural training programs together with the increase in expatriate recruitment. The business corporate when extend their business at international level they face the problem of efficient and qualified employees. As a solution to this problem expatriate recruitment was adopted. The need for cross-cultural training has been identified since the inception of the process of expatriate recruitment. The cross-cultural training helps the employees to understand the cultural differences and to develop the ability to deal and interact effectively according to the culture and environment of the host country. Thus the cross-cultural training as a concept includes a variety of training programs which are a classified under various heads. All the training programs or training courses have the similar aim of developing awareness among the employees about the culture of the host country. The training is given according to the nature or culture of the country. The cross-cultural training which possess an important place in the business world is been interpreted variously by various people. â€Å"Cross-cultural training is defined as any planned intervention designed to increase the knowledge and skills of expatriates to live and work effectively and achieve general life satisfaction in an unfamiliar host culture (Wil Harzing & Ruysseveldt, 2004, p. 284). Paula Caligiuri et. al had identified the objectives of cross-cultural training from the works of different people like Brewster & Pickard, Black & Mendenhall, Kealey &

Porter's Five-Force Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Porter's Five-Force Analysis - Case Study Example The first key external environmental issue in the PHARMAC case study is the importance of regulatory agencies and authorities. From the case study, three advisory committees are identified as the key regulatory factors. The Consumer Advisory Committee (CAC), the Pharmacology and Therapeutics Advisory Committee (PTAC), and the Cancer Treatment Sub Committee (CatSop) are all identifies as the key factors (Koster, Erakovic and Smith). These committees are the advisory boards to the various elements of the external environment and the decision-making organs of PHARMAC. The other key environmental factor identified is the political factor in the operations of PHARMAC. The decision that PHARMAC made; approving the nine-week trial Herceptin drug reflects the influence of vested shareholder interests in the decision-making process. The political element is particularly important for this analysis because of the vested interests of the parties. Roche industries can be identified as having som e political influence on the analysis and the decision-making process. Porter’s Five-Force Analysis An analysis of the case study can also be done using Porter’s five-force analysis, which is used to determine every facet of the organization ranging from the profitability to the competitive threat and power of the industry (Porter, 1998). The first part of the five-force analysis is the threat of new entrants into the industry, a factor that is deemed to increase the intensity of competition. From the case study, it can be concluded that there is no threat of new entrants into PHARMAC’s industry because it is a government sanctioned advisory agency. An analysis of the second element in Porter’s five-force analysis is focused on the power of suppliers, who, in this case, are identified as the drug company Roche. The case study indicates that the supplier of Herceptin had exceptional power in the market; therefore, the bargaining power was relatively high. The third factor of Potter’s five-force analysis is the bargaining power of buyers, who, in this case, are identified as the New Zealand population and the regulatory and advisory agencies. An analysis of these buyers indicate that they have relatively low power compared to the suppliers, hence the decision to fund the nine-week trial of the drug Herceptin. The threat of substitutes is also considered in the same way as the threat of new entrants. In the funding process of new drugs, the case study indicates that PHARMAC and MedSafe are the primary considerations; therefore, there is no credible threat of substitutes. The competitive rivalry within the industry, the last factor of the industry analysis, indicates that the various factions in the funding and approval industry have different bargaining powers. The drug industry is very costly; therefore, the different competitors in the industry are identified to need massive amounts of funding to succeed. The case study also i ndicates that the critical success factor in the industry is consultation and good relations between the key players in the industry. The case study reveals that PHARMAC made its decision to fund the limited trial period for Herceptin based on a cost-benefit analysis. The success of the decision-making process could have been varied if the firm had decided to perform prior consultation with the stakeholders. This can also be supported by the success of the drug in other countries and regions. The main critical success

The origins of jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The origins of jazz - Essay Example Where did it begin? What makes it distinct as a musical style? Most people equate jazz with the early to mid 20th century. However, many music historians today believe that the earliest seeds were planted in the United States as far back as 1819, when African-American slaves were performing public African tribal dances and playing string and percussion instruments, the sounds of which would be hinted at later in the jazz music to come.(Gioia 1) That said, it validates the ideals that jazz has strong and deep connections to African sounds and musical influence that contribute incredibly to the art form known as â€Å"jazz.† Historically, the â€Å"Original Dixieland Jass Band,† is credited with the first â€Å"jazz† recording intended for distribution. However, many experts believe that the band was a â€Å"copycat† group and not one of the true â€Å"pioneers† of the jazz genre; but the recordings popularity gave the music exposure all over the country.(Parker) The jazz that the public is most familiar with wa s that which was born and cultivated in New Orleans, Louisiana, when great performers, like King Oliver, a cornet player, began entertaining in the early 1900s. The sound was, also, gaining even greater exposure and popularity because many jazz bands traveled as the onboard entertainment on passenger river-boats. By the 1920’s jazz began evolving towards the big band formats, which allowed for different influences from blues, ragtime, African American spirituals, and European music.(Parker) In the 1930s and 1940s the jazz epicenter had become New York City, particularly the clubs of Harlem being the most popular. Jazz as a musical movement was born in the south, then grew and evolved as it migrated to the east, and has maintained itself as one of the most beloved musical forms across the country and throughout the world. Musically, many historians explain that there are specific elements that are expressed that are unique to jazz music. The

Blackface Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blackface - Essay Example They wore woolly wigs on their heads, gloves for their hands and painted their lips in exaggeration. They also made use of either tail – coats or ragged clothes to highlight their totally transformed looks. Much later on, actual black artists took to the same art. Blackface minstrelsy played a very important and significant role in promoting racism worldwide through their racist perceptions and attitudes towards it. The greatest impact of Blackface on the community was â€Å"the precedent it established in the introduction of African American culture to an international audience, albeit through a distorted lens.† (Lott 1993, Watkins 1999) From a National level point of view, minstrelsy was the most popular form of art which was used to express themselves. There are multiple differences of opinions between scholars as to the authenticity leading to the social and cultural creations related to the Blackface practice. In this capacity, historian Robert Toll develops a perspective that reflects a relative ambivalence toward the institution of slavery in the North prior to the Civil War. The historian Eric Lott complicates the issue further by suggesting that Blackface minstrelsy were motivated by both â€Å"love and theft† of black culture. According to popular culture the North was regarded as being abolitionist and a champion of social justice during the Civil War; but contrary to this fact as demonstrated through the popularity of Blackface minstrel shows, there was clear evidence of the element of inferiority associated with individuals of African descent. What the Blackface minstrelsy shows reflected was the perceived unsophisticated nature of the entire African race compared to their European counterparts; the practice emphasized blacks falling short of white standards (67). Blackface minstrelsy made extensive use of malapropisms and puns and conducted their musical concerts while sitting in a wide

Toyotas Decision to Undertake FDI in Australia Case Study - 25

Toyotas Decision to Undertake FDI in Australia - Case Study Example ll also face challenges in the future, they will not affect the FDI that Toyota Company made since it is able to deal with competitiveness and financial crises that may arise. Japan’s economy is the second largest in the world but this would still not favor the hybrid of Toyota since its growth rate is slow. On the other hand, Australian’s economy is smaller compared to that of Japan but it experiences rapid growth. In addition, Japan’s purchasing power is high and thus building hybrids in Japan would have cost more than undertaking FDI in Australia. Australia has a framework that supports foreign direct investment and thus it will be possible for Toyota to monitor and analyze how the investment grows (Ghemawat, 2012). The FDI in Australia has several liabilities that ensure reinvestment. Carrying out a hybrid in Japan would have been a poor decision since Japan is facing a critical issue because of its allocative efficiency. There is very high competition among manufacturers who are well distributed and highly productive. Â  I think Toyota decided to adapt the existing plant in Melbourne instead of building a new one from the ground for several reasons. One of the reasons is because using the already existing plant was going to cut down on the cost of establishing themselves in Australia. Whenever a company is entering a new market, it is easier to use an existing plant than when it starts from the ground. Starting from the ground will mean that time for building has to be allocated whereas in an already existing plant the sales start immediately (Dadzie, 2012). By using an already existing plant, the production is higher than starting from the ground. In taking the already existing plant the Toyota Company is able to be in an area where the economy is already diversified opposed to setting up a new plant in an area where the economy is not yet diversified.

Globalization & world Essay Example for Free

Globalization world Essay In general terms, globalization refers to the economical, cultural and societal changes, which are experienced in the whole world as a result of integrated and common trade, transport and communication network systems. The whole issue of globalization is complex with potential debates on its causes and effects ranging from technological to social- cultural and political factors. Although globalization has been associated with many positive impacts to the society and the world at large, the negative consequences cannot be ignored because of their far reaching effects to the people in the world. This paper seeks to discuss the health problems caused by globalization. It also gives some of the solutions to this problem. As the whole world is increasingly becoming interconnected, human health is becoming more complex. For instance, globalization has changed the lifestyle of people. It can be appreciated that modern behavioral changes such as the smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activities and increasingly high use of illegal drugs, which are factors attributed to globalization, are risking human health and hence increasing the chances of low lifespan (Guindon, Pang, 2004). Globalization has also resulted to the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases. This is evidenced in the recent out break of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and its rapid spread in the modern world hence imposing a risk of global pandemic (Guindon, Pang, 2004). Further to this, the enhanced global movements of goods and people have contributed amicably to the spread of diseases. For example, the advancement of canned food production, trade and increasingly high consumption has facilitated the spread of food born diseases. Behavioral changes associated with global worming such as sexual immoralities (increased sex tourism) in the modern society have contributed to the spread of HIV and AIDS which has been declared as a global epidemic (Huynen, et al 2005). In addition to this, modern society is experiencing high teenage pregnancies which results to health complications. One of the solutions to the negative impacts of globalization to health is by promoting health education in the society. Education will empower people to understand the effects of different lifestyles, which include foods consumed. (Wamala Kawachi 2007). Further to this, the society should discourage unhealthy behaviors through appropriate legislation and public awareness. In conclusion therefore, globalization has far reaching effects to health which should be addressed at international levels for the common good of all people in the world. ? Bibliography Guindon, E, Pang, T 2004, Globalization and risks to health, viewed 21 August 2010, http://www. nature. com/embor/journal/v5/n1s/full/7400226. html Huynen, et al, 2005, Globalization and Health, viewed 21 August 2010, http://www. biomedcentral. com/content/pdf/1744-8603-1-14. pdf Wamala, S, Kawachi, I 2007, Globalization and Health, Oxford University Press, New York.

Pips conversation with Biddy Essay Example for Free

Pips conversation with Biddy Essay Pips change whilst being in London, has meant he sees wealth as everything. If I could have kept him away by paying money, I certainly would have paid money. Showing that firstly, hed do anything to stop Joes visit, and also he can buy anything, and that money can solve anything.  Pip feels embarrassed, he doesnt want to be seen with Joe, my greatest reassurance was, that he was coming to Barnards Inn, showing he doesnt want to be associated with someone of Joes status. Joe himself realises the change in Pip, you wont find half so much fault in me if you think of me in my forge dress. This displays Joes uncomfortableness, and unease, he realises Pip has change, and doesnt see Joe the same as before. However Pip also becomes conscious of his change, if I had been easier with Joe, Joe would have been easier with me. Showing Pips tension, and impatience with Joe. Pip makes Joe feel uneasy, us two now being now alone Sir. The key word is Sir, Joe sees the change in Pip and feels obliged to call him Sir. As Pip has grown accustomed to his great expectations, he has noted the change in himself. I had insensibly begun to notice their effect upon myself, showing he realises the effect people have had on him, which has caused him to change during the course of his expectations. He recognizes this effect is not all positive, I knew very well that it was not all good, screening he has accredited the change within him. We see Pip build a sense of guilt, towards Joe and Biddy, I lived in a state of chronic uneasiness respecting my behaviour to Joe. My conscience was not by any means comfortable about Biddy. He has realised his mistreatment toward them.  Upon hearing the death of his sister Pip, starts to notice her, in his world. In my rooms too, with which she had never been at all associated, there was at once the blankness of death. Showing the effect of her death within him.  Biddy tells Pip she is leaving the forge, he replies with: I am not going to leave poor Joe alone, showing his fondness of Joe, which is a drastic change, from their previous meeting in London. Even whilst at the forge and with Biddy, Pip still relates to wealth, I would spend any money, showing his continuous thought of money, which is such a change from his young childhood.  Pip changes towards Joe, good-bye, dear Joe!- no dont wipe it off- for Gods sake give me your blackened hand. This shows he respects Joe and likes him for who he is man he was. Pip realises he prefers London, he thinks Joe and Biddy knows he does, he thinks they believe he wont come back, his response is a they were quite right to. This is a clear representation of his change since his younger years. When Pip sees Magwitch, and learns that he is in fact his benefactor, he is disturbed, he is positively repulsed to find, Magwitch is the person who has raised him to become a gentlemen. The abhorrence in which I held the man, the dread I had of him, the repungance with which I shrank from him, could not have been exceeded if he had been some terrible beast. Dickens choice of words, illustrate Pips horror and hatred towards Magwitch, abhorrence, repungance, and dread. He uses animal imagery to convey his pure displeasure that Magwitch is in fact his benefactor. We see the change Magwitch brings about in Pip, O, that he had never come! That he had left me at the forge-far from contented, yet, by comparison, happy. For the first time since being in London, Pips views of the forge, have changed. He reconsiders his current position in London.  Pip doesnt want anything to do with Magwitch, he laid his hand upon my shoulder. I shuddered at he thought that for anything I knew, his hand might be stained with blood. He sees Magwitch as dirty, he sees the money to be untrue and dirty also, which is a change, as before the money was everything to him. When pip finally reconsiders his situation, he is thoroughly disheartened: It was not until I began to think, that I began fully to know how wrecked I was, and how the ship in which I has sailed was gone to pieces. Showing that he believes his, ambitions, aspirations and hopes are all shattered.  Pip regrets his mistreatment of Joe and Biddy, worthless conduct, he sees how bad hes been. He sums his emotions up at the end of the chapter, thick black darkness, this is how he sees his life after his changing reunion with Magwitch. Within chapter 40, Pip is still demoralised by finding Magwitch to be his benefactor, I was greatly dejected and distressed. Showing the change Magwitch has had on Pip since he made himself recognized. Pip analyses Magwitch, he ate in a ravenous way, that was very disagreeable. This is a sign of his change, he notes his manners, and sees his etiquette as wrong. Dickens used the word disagreeable, which, represents, that its disagreeable to Pip, in his new found hierarchy. Dickens again uses animal imagery to convey Pips feelings towards Magwitch , he looked terribly like a hungry old dog. This represents Pips dislike for Magwitch. Pip is desperate to know how long Magwitch will stay, in a frenzy of fear and dislike. I want to know how you are to be kept out of danger, how long you are going to stay. The key words are: fear and dislike, these are clear depiction of his disgust towards Magwitch.  We notice a huge change within Pip. He now recognises his affection toward Magwitch. He believes he should do right by Magwitch before he dies, it became the first duty of my life to say to him, and read to him, what I knew he ought to hear. Showing his consideration of compassion for Magwitch. Pip informs Magwitch about Estella, she is living now. She is a lady and very beautiful. And I love her He feels his duty, is to complement Magwitch on Estella. The change in Pip is that he inevitably forgives and pardons Magwitch, he wishes the best for him. O, lord be merciful. This is a drastic change to his initial thoughts towards him, when he discovered he was his benefactor.  Within chapter 57, as Pip comes out of his fever, we observe a change in him. Pip again worships Joe, O, God bless him! O, God bless this gentle Christian man! Showing his repentance. Pip changes his view of the word wealth. Wealth of his good nature, showing his new appreciation of wealth, he has realised that, wealth in money terms doesnt make a gentlemen, where as wealth in nature, and kindness does. Pips change is shown with: I went towards them slowly, for my limbs were weak, but with a sense of increasing relief as I drew nearer to them, and a sense of leaving arrogance and untruthfulness further and further behind. This shows he believes hes leaving his arrogance and untruthfulness behind him, these are the factors of a gentlemen he now perceives to be appalling. Pips appreciation of Joe is exposed with, my first thought was one of great thankfulness, that I had never breathed this last baffled hope to Joe. Hes so happy he didnt destroy Joe. This is a change in his feelings for Joe. His further appreciation of Joe is shown within Pips conversation with Biddy. Dear Biddy, you have the best husband in the whole world, and if you could have seen him by my bed you would have-But no, you couldnt love him better than you do. This shows his sheer delight with both Joe and Biddy. He both recognises Joe and Biddy as good natured people, but also he recognises his mistakes. You were both so good and true. To grow up a much better man than I did. He identifies his life wasnt all good, and he acknowledges his mistakes.  In conclusion, Pip has changed his depiction of the word, gentlemen. He no longer sees it to revolve around education, wealth and social standing. Due to the positive effect that Joe has upheld within Pip, Pip appreciation of a gentlemen is to be concerned with, faithfulness, generosity and goodness. Pip lost everything whilst in London, he now however has gained so much more, with respect and understanding, of not only himself but others also.

Theories of Health Change Behaviour

Theories of Health Change Behaviour Introduction To understand the processes and causes of change in health related behaviours still represents a challenging process for health professionals (Orleans, 2000). People’s decisions to engage in such behaviours are affected by factors such as attitudes and beliefs and psychosocial variables (i.e. demographic, psychological or cognitive) which impact the decision-making process of planning behaviours. Thus, it is important to understand the interrelationship between these factors and their influences of adopting and maintaining healthy behaviours. Researchers have attempted to understand and predict health behaviour through the lenses of models and theories of behaviour change. Within the framework of a theory, the researchers get to understand what variables are most important and how to measure them, to formulate research questions based on the understanding of the variables, to test hypotheses regarding behaviour change, and lastly to guiding behaviour change interventions throu gh planning, actions, and maintenance of preventative behaviours (Noar Zimmerman, 2005). Theory-based predictors (i.e. cognitive factors) would provide an organized framework that helps understand and predict health behaviour in a systematic manner (Glanz Maddock, 2000). Theories based on processes of cognitions and thoughts are part of the collection of social cognitive models (SCMs) and focuses on influences of social-cognitive characteristics on decision-making processes. The present essay distinguishes two of SCMs, highly used in understanding the adoption and maintenance of healthy behaviours: the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA; Ajzen and Fishbein 1980) and the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM-SR; Leventhal, Diefenbach, and Leventhal (1992)). Both theories suggest that the motivation to change behaviour is driven by social-cognitive beliefs/representations of the health threat and the willingness to avoid adverse outcome. Research applying both theories has a rich history describing their uses in a wide range of behaviours including health (TRA: Cooke and French (2008); CSM-SR: Hagger and Orbell (2003)). Further, both models are based on a set of theoretical constructs and have been used to successfully explain and change behaviours. N evertheless, very little research has concerned empirical comparison of the two (Hunter, Grunfeld, Ramirez, 2003; Orbell, Hagger, Brown, Tidy, 2006) and there is still no consensus that one model is more accurate than the other. Aim This essay’s aim was to review two theories of health change behaviour – the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation – with special emphasis on the similarities and differences and the data needed to critically compare and contrast them. Lastly, the aim was to determine which aspects of the frameworks were most successful at predicting and explaining behaviour. What is health behaviour? It is the goal of many researchers to understand the causes, determinants and processes of health behaviour change (Doll Hill, 1964). The most common study looking into the causes of death is the Alameda County Study conducted by Belloc and Breslow in 1972 which identified seven aspects of lifestyle which predicted mortality: smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, sleeping more or less than 8 hours per night, being either underweight or overweight, skipping breakfast, and eating snacks (Belloc Breslow, 1972). A later British study, the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study associated similar behaviours with lower risk of mortality (Khaw et al., 2008). Kasl and Cobb attempted the first definition of health behaviour as â€Å"any activity undertaken by a person believing himself to be healthy for the purpose of preventing disease or detecting it at an asymptomatic stage† (Kasl Cobb, 1966). Although this definition includes only preventive health behaviours there are other types of behaviours. Ogden (2007) described illness behaviour as a behavioural action aimed to seek treatment and sick behaviour as a behavioural action aimed to get well (p. 13). There are factors such as individual differences, which influence the change of health behaviours and contributed to the prediction of health behaviours (Baum Posluszny, 1999; Sherman Fazio, 1983). The cognitive factors received the most attention because are considered to cause changes in behaviour and because they are modifiable factors in comparison to, for example, personality. The characteristics of social cognitive factors (e.g. knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs) are involved in the process of decision-making and behaviour control (Fiske Taylor, 1991). SCMs focuse on psychological and social factors and how they influence behaviour change, with a focus on the self-regulation processes and how these relate to behaviour (Conner Norman, 2005). These models are used to ensure a positive change in individual’s behaviour (e.g., changing food intake or increased physical activity) through intervention (Anderson-Bill, Winett, Wojcik, 2011). A very known model used to examine individual’s reactions to illness threats is Leventhal’s (1992) the common sense model of self-regulation (CSM-SR). Another theory focused on motivation to perform health-enhancing behaviours by examining aspects of the cognitions to predict health outcomes is the theory of reasoned action (TRA) designed by Fishbein Ajzen (1975). The models mentioned and many other pr ovide a basis for interventions designed to change health-related behaviours through the emphasis of the rationality of human behaviour. Thus, the prediction of behaviour is considered to be the outcome of the intended behaviour based on a rational decision–making process. Overview of commonly used models Theory of Reason Action (TRA) TRA has been used to predicting the likelihood of performing a specific health-related behaviour based on the compatibility and behavioural intention (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen Fishbein, 1980). The model uses cognitive processes of attitudes toward the behaviour (i.e., feeling positive or negative toward the action) and social normative perceptions (i.e., beliefs of significant others about the individual performing the behaviour) to predict intention of a behavioural action through a rational decision-making process. The theory has been used in a wide range of fields such as information technology (Mishra, Akman, Mishra, 2014), software piracy (Aleassa, Pearson, McClurg, 2010), cyberbullying (Doane, Pearson, Kelley, 2014), hazing (Richardson, Wang, Hall, 2012), domestic violence (Sulak, Saxon, Fearon, 2014), but also in health related behaviour such as substance-abuse (Roberto, Shafer, Marmo, 2014), physical activity (Plotnikoff, Costigan, Karunamuni, Lubans, 2013), diet (Middlestadt, 2012), smoking (Lorenzo-Blanco, Bares, Delva, 2012), HIV prevention behaviours (Jemmott, 2012). Description of the model The design of TRA looks at behavioural intentions of an individual in social context, while investigates the relationships between attitudes, intentions and behaviour. Attitudes toward the behaviour are considered to be a comprehensive gathering of evaluations of the behaviour. As a determinant of intentions, attitudes influence people’s perception, thinking and behaviour. Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) have proposed that attitudes should be measured at the same specific level as the behaviour. Thus, a high level of specificity in behaviour with regard to action, target, context, and time, will result in a high prediction of outcome behaviour. Individual’s attitudes can be explained through the set of beliefs about an outcome of the behaviour and the evaluations (favourable or unfavourable) of the expected outcome. The relationship between salient beliefs and attitudes is based on the Fishbein’s (1967) model of summative attitudes, which assumes they influence individ ual’s attitude. The research of Van den Putte (1991) and Armitage and Conner (2001) proved a strong link between attitudes and salient behavioural beliefs. Subjective norms are the second determinant of behavioural intention (Ajzen Fishbein, 1980; Fishbein Ajzen, 1975). This factor is the representation of the individual’s perception of the social pressures from significant others (i.e. family, friends, work colleagues, etc.) about whether he/she should perform a specific behaviour. This is quantified as the product of the normative beliefs (i.e., individual’s perceived behavioural expectations of important others regarding the performance of the behaviour) and individual’s motivation to comply. Once more, the research of Van den Putte (1991) and Armitage and Conner (2001) identified strong correlations between subjective norms and normative beliefs. Empirical support The TRA has been applied to the prediction of a wide range of different behaviours, including health-related behaviours, with varying degrees of success. There are a number of narrative reviews (Albarracin, Johnson, Fishbein, Muellerleile, 2001; Blue, 1995; Cooke French, 2008; Godin, Belanger-Gravel, Eccles, Grimshaw, 2008; Hagger, Chatzisarantis, Biddle, 2002; Hausenblas Carron, 1997; Sheeran Taylor, 1999) as well as a quantitative reviews of the TRA focusing on general and specific behaviours (physical activity: (Blue, 1995; Hagger et al., 2002; Hausenblas Carron, 1997); screening program (Cooke French, 2008), healthcare professionals (Godin et al., 2008), condom use: (Albarracin et al., 2001; Sheeran Taylor, 1999); and ). and general reviews: (Sheppard, Jon, Warshaw, 1988); van den Putte (1991)). The model has been tested by Sheppard et al. (1988), who reported multiple correlations between intentions and behaviour, and attitudes and subjective norms and intentions to be 0.53 and respectively 0.66 (k= 87, and k=87). Similar results were found by van den Putte (1991). These early studies results constituted the basis of the predictive validity of the TRA framework. In their reviews, Hausenblas and Carron (1997) found a medium effect size for the relationship of intention and behaviours of 0.47, in 31 studies with a sample size of 10,621. In addition, Albarracin et al. (2001) and Hagger et al. (2002) found the same higher correlation between intention and behaviour (r=0.5). In the most recent review to date, Cooke and French (2008) computed a lower value of r=0.42 in 19 tests of the relationship between intention and behaviour, which is slightly larger than the meta-analytic reports by Godin et al. (2008) (r=0.31, k=15, N=2,112). In conclusion, research provides evidence that there is a considerable consistency between TRA variables and their intention to predict behaviour change. Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM-SR) Description of the model The CSM-SR integrates environmental factors and individual beliefs about illness around individual’s common-sense representations of health (Leventhal et al., 1992). The framework outline is based on parallel-processing pathways (Leventhal, 1970). The model is based on two constructs of a) cognitive or objective perpetual pathway with its coping mechanisms and appraisal process; and b) affective or subjective pathway which represents the emotional response to the illness representation with its own coping mechanisms and appraisal processes. The cognitive pathway is based on individual’s beliefs or representations of illness threat and comprises five dimensions: identity, timeline, cause, consequences, and cure/control. Moss-Morris et al. (2002) explored the extent to which individuals can evaluate the coherence of illness representations, or how much individuals comprehend their condition. The pathway uses individual’s beliefs to shape the selection of appropriat e coping strategies (i.e. approach or avoidance), which in turn are appraised in a repetitive process over time. The self-regulation process implies selection and monitoring of behaviour aimed at controlling threat conditions and the illness representations are formed through symptoms perception and social messages from exposure to a wide range of social and cultural factors. A similar process takes place with the subjective or emotional pathway in parallel and in association with the cognitive process just described. The representation of illness triggers the activation of emotional responses regarding health-related behaviours. For example, fear is activated when a woman discovers an unusual lump thinking it might be cancer resulting in states of worry and distress. The efforts of controlling the emotional responses are appraised in terms of their success and lead to refinements of the representation of new coping strategies. Empirical support Up to date research provides empirical support for the interrelationship between the constructs of identity, timeline, cause, consequences, cure/control, emotions, and coherence and health outcomes (coping: (Heijmans de Ridder, 1998; Moss-Morris, Petrie, Weinman, 1996; Scharloo et al., 2000) and adherence to professional recommendations (Albert et al., 2014; Nicklas, Dunbar, Wild, 2010)). A series of meta-analyses have now been supported the validity of the CSM-SR framework, including narrative reviews (Hoving, van der Meer, Volkova, Frings-Dresen, 2010; Kucukarslan, 2012; Lobban, Barrowclough, Jones, 2003; Munro, Lewin, Swart, Volmink, 2007) and those focused on specific chronic conditions (diabetes: (Hudson, Bundy, Coventry, Dickens, 2014; Mc Sharry, Moss-Morris, Kendrick, 2011); acute myocardial infarction: (French, Cooper, Weinman, 2006); and mixed chronic diseases: (Hagger Orbell, 2003)). French et al. (2006) in a review of eight studies which predicted attendance at c ardiac rehabilitation interventions following acute myocardial infarction reported the constructs of identity (r=0.13) consequences (r=0.08), and cure/control (r=0.11) to be positively significantly associated with attendance behaviour. In addition, Mc Sharry et al. (2011) located nine cross-sectional studies and four RCTs examining the relationship between illness constructs and the HbA1c, and found a similar result for identity (r=0.14) but higher effect size estimates for consequences (r=0.14). Other significant associations were found for timeline cyclical (r=0.26), concern (r=0.21), and emotions (r=0.18). The most recent meta-analysis conducted by Hudson et al. (2014) included nine cross-sectional studies and found that individuals with high levels of constructs of timeline cyclical (r=0.25, depression; r=0.31, anxiety), consequences (r=0.41, depression; r=0.44, anxiety), and seriousness beliefs (r=0.38, depression) and lower perceptions of personal control (r=-0.27, depression ; r=-0.20, anxiety) are more likely to have poorer emotional health. Lastly, Hagger and Orbell (2003) review (N=45) addressed the validity of the model and the average correlations of illness representation dimensions were significantly positive for identity-consequences (r=0.37, p Comparison and contrasting of the models Research focused on comparing and contrasting theories of health-related behaviour change assesses the utility of those theories to advancing understanding of behaviour change processes. The two theoretical models outlined above show a number of similarities and differences. Several observations can be made in comparing the similarities of the models. First, CSM-SR and TRA are both social cognitive models concerned with how cognitive determinants are influencing each other in the regulation of behaviour and how these are applied to the understanding of health behaviours. Second, some constructs are common to both models, for example both CSM-SR and TRA are interested in how social-cognitive representations of health threat can motivate an individual to comply with his/her recommended treatment to avoid an adverse health outcome. Third, the models are used to analyse the influence of perceived factors external to individual on clinical-related behaviour. Moreover, both models explain behaviour change in terms of modifiable variables and support the importance of symptom attribution (Waller, 2006). Forth, CSM-SR and TRA are based on dynamic causal processes. In the CSM-SR, the individual regulates the interactions representations, coping mechanism and appraisal in an attempt to maintain coherence among them. In the TRA framework, changes in attitudes are influenced by changes in behavioural beliefs which ultimately produces changes in behaviour (Sutton, 2001). Lastly, both theories are used in developing intervention strategies, for example, related to help-seeking behaviour, by targeting modifiable variables (Waller, 2006). In contrasting the TRA and CSM-SR theoretical basis, the CSM-SR proposes that for a better understanding of individual’s behavioural adherence, the researcher needs to make reference to individual’s attitudes toward the threatening condition. In contrast, TRA proposes that the motivation needs to be understood through individual’s attitude toward the action of going to the appointment/ treatment (Orbell et al., 2006). The CSM-SR emphasizes the importance of assessment of the likelihood of adherence through the evaluation of illness beliefs constructs (i.e. identity, timeline, cause, consequences, and cure/control), while in the TRA model only a single attitude is used to evaluate outcomes. Another distinctive contrast between the two models lies within the constructs of the framework. While the CSM-SR takes account of the impact of emotional variables, the TRA is almost entirely rational and does not account for emotional factors. Another aspect is that CSM-SR do es not take account of the social influences that might shape illness beliefs or decision-making process, which is assessed by the TRA framework through subjective norms factor. The models also differ in the way they are applied in research literature. The cognitive and emotional constructs of CSM-RS were designed specifically for understanding illness perception and adherence. (Leventhal et al., 1992). By contrast, TRA was designed to predict volitional behaviours, thus it can be applied to various behaviours, for example information technology (Mishra et al., 2014), software piracy (Aleassa et al., 2010), cyberbullying (Doane et al., 2014), hazing (Richardson et al., 2012), and domestic violence (Sulak et al., 2014). Looking at the differences in measuring the components of the models, CSM-SR uses a well-validated set of constructs developed by Weinman and colleagues (Weinman, Petrie, Moss-morris, Horne, 1996). In contrast, the TRA models do not have a method per sei to measure its constructs. Thus, Ajzen Fishbein (1980) provides an extensive details of the constructs for research to develop theory own measures. In conclusion, the TRA and CSM-SR are both social cognitive model and their design is based on interpretation of cognitive factors in relation to behaviour change and each of them have their own weaknesses and strengths. Their contribution is significant and productive in the research literature because researchers can explore and test the theories to increases the understanding of health-related behaviours and help in the development of behaviour change interventions.

The Buddha, Two Lessons Essay -- essays research papers

Almost everybody I have ever met can recognize a Buddha statue, but few folks who I have ever associated with understand the meaning of the Buddha. Myself included was one of those folks blessed with such ignorance. When the term Buddha was brought up, all I thought about was the pudgy bellies of myself and fellow offensive lineman on my high school football team. Nirvana! Hey isn’t that one of the great rock bands of the early nineties? Right? In this paper, I will explain who the Buddha was and the deep meaning of the message that Prince Guatama preached. The Buddha defined the Middle Path as a way that leads to insight, which leads to wisdom, which conduces to calm, to knowledge, to the Sambodhi, to Nirvana (76). These words meant that all else was linked to some sort of suffering, that true peace and happiness could only be achieved through your mind and true pain and suffering could be achieved through reality. The Buddha illustrated this idea through his Four Noble Truths. The first of these is the Noble Truth of Suffering. These sufferings included natural situations of life, including birth, decay, death, presence of objects we hate not to obtain what we want, and finally, mere existence (76). There is a pattern that is developed in this order. Birth is the beginning of reality that has its good as well as bad times. The Buddha appears to focus on the hardships of reality that Prince Guatama knew of in this world. As life would carry onward, the hardships woul...

Charles Eastman: Bridging the Gap Between Cultures Essay -- Native Am

Charles Eastman made great strides to bridge the gap between the Native Americans and the white man. Born a Santee Sioux, Eastman excelled in his assimilated life, thereby gaining the respect of the white man, which he used to assist the Native American. He was able to give a voice to the culture and its people, which was quickly being silenced by a Eurocentric government. Eastman exemplified the abilities of the Native American through his accomplishments as an author, lecturer, physician, and activist. His capacity to live between two diverse cultures furthered his unprecedented endeavors. Charles Alexander Eastman was born Ohiyesa, a Santee Sioux. He is believed to have been born near Redwood Falls, Minnesota, on February 19, 1858. His paternal grandmother, Uncheedah, was responsible for his upbringing after his mother’s death due to complications during childbirth. Uncheedah presented him with tradition Sioux teachings. Following the Great Sioux Uprising of 1862, Ohiyesa and other Santee Sioux were exiled to Manitoba. In Eastman’s Indian Boyhood, he fondly recalls these times of living freely and peacefully by saying, â€Å"What boy would not be an Indian for a while when he thinks of the freest life in the world?† Ohiyesa’s father, Jacob â€Å"Many Lightnings† Eastman was instrumental in his assimilation into the white man’s culture, beginning with his education. Unlike many other Native American children in boarding schools, Charles learned to read and write in his native language. This progressive program of learning was often criticized because of the fear felt among American settlers after the Great Sioux Uprising. The settlers, as well as the government agencies, sought only acculturation of the Indians into the w... ...dian Quarterly 25, no. 4 (2001): 609-613. Eastman, Charles A, From the Deep Woods to Civilization, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 1977 [1916]) 195. Eastman, Charles A. Indian Boyhood (New York: Dover Publications, (1971 [1902]), 3. Lopenzia, Drew. â€Å"’Good Indian’: Charles Eastman and the Warrior as Civil Servant,† American Indian Quarterly 27, no.  ¾, Special Issue (2003): 729, 739. Murphy, Nora. â€Å"Starting Children on the Path to the Past: American Indians in Children’s Historical Fiction,† Minnesota History 57, no. 6 (2001): 284,286. Patterson, Michelle Wick. â€Å"’Real’ Indian Songs: The Society of American Indians and the Use of Native American Culture as a Means of Reform,† American Indian Quarterly 26, no. 1 (2002): 54-55. Stensland, Anna Lee. â€Å"Indian Boyhood by Charles A. Eastman’† The English Journal 66, no. 3 (1977): 59.

schindlers list Essay -- essays research papers

Schindlers List is a movie that takes place during WWII. The movie begins in Krakow, Poland just after the collapse of the Polish army, and at the beginning of the German occupation. Oskar Schindler, a tall handsome womanizer arrives in the city looking to open a factory in order to gain profits from the war. At the time, Jewish people were no long permitted to own a business, so Oskar obtains a factory from a Jewish man named Itzhak Stern, and makes Stern his accountant and manager. The two men form a strange relationship, with Oskar taking advantage of Sterns talent, and Stern distrustingly but obediently following Schindlers orders. Schindler goes to the Jewish ghetto to get the rich Jewish people to invest into his factory, and to get the poor Jews to work for him, since they can provide him with cheap labor. By way of the black market, Schindler obtains numerous delicacies such as liquor and hcocolate for the SS and German officers and sends them gift baskets to get on their go od side. Schindler spent his days entertaining the Nazis, and spending time with his numerous women, while leaving the work of running the factory to Itzhak because in Schindlers mind, he was very capable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Schindler met with Stern, he would tell him stories of how the Jews were being treated. Initially, Schindler took these stories as nothing, however as time went on, Schindler began to feel increasingly more impacted about how the Jews were being treated. He w...

Filipinos’ Forgiving Nature Essay

Why many Filipino people are forgiving? Giving offenders a â€Å"second chance† rather than punishing them is inherently Filipino. Let’s take for example the apology offered by the Magdalo mutineers which comes as no surprise in light of the Filipinos forgiving nature. Despite the very good laws we have here in the Philippines, we don’t think settlement of it will still be possible. We rarely condemn people, we just require them to change their ways. Ms. Arroyo’s granting of amnesty towards the Magdalo mutineers is just one of the issues that shows Filipinos tend to forgvive. We are not very legalistic except on impersonal matters, such as cases involving money or disputes between big corporations that don’t have a human face. For example, everyone agrees that we should go after tax evasion. Under the Filipino concept of justice, what is prescribed by law is not necessarily just. We tend to forgive easily when we find something valid in the reasons behind the offense. That’s why we have the phrase ‘nadadaan sa magandang usapan’. The way we are raised by our families could affect the way we understand and look into the contexts of one’s behavior. For example, rather than be rigid over rights or claims, step siblings generally do not regard with spite but look after each other’s welfare even when one is illegitimate. And of course, the prodigal child is always given a second chance. No wonder why there are many unresolved cases in the Philippines. Some were given pardon by the government like the case of the former president Ejercito Estrada. Could it be the government’s way to come clean in the eyes of other countries in promoting the tourism industry? To front them that it’s easy to settle agreements here would attract many investors in the country. We‘ll, if that’s the case, many might really take advantage on the situation. And this would just prove that we don’t have rigid implementation of the very good laws here in the Philippines. This is also the reason why some government officials seems relaxed and other foreign countries doesn’t give much importance on Filipinos welfare in their land and they just take it easy when it comes to Filipinos. Maybe because they know the fact that we don‘t experience justice even in our own land, and we are used to it. Pity to those who really experience that kind of treatment. Upon hearing this, I bursted to the cab driver saying â€Å"ito hirap sating mga Pinoy e, kapag tayo nahuli sa ibang bansa ng drug trafficking — death penalty, kapag sila nahuli natin wala pang isang linggo nakalaya na. † There’s a big problem with our government or our Filipino blood — we are too soft, too forgiving. This is one of the reasons why most of us have no pride and dignity when we are in another soil. I really want to thank Manny Pacquiao for giving the Filipinos some pride. How should other country value our laws when we Filipinos don’t put much attention to these and some just don‘t take it seriously? When we are in their country we are treated like rats but when they are in our country they are treated like kings. I don’t know what‘s wrong. If a Filipino guy will enter a building in his own country the security guard will look for an ID with intense body search but if they will see that the guest is a foreigner, Filipinos will happily greet them without checking their bags not even thinking that they could be the terrorist that will kill them. I have nothing against to any foreigners but I got beef with my own blood. If this will continue, probably we will become slaves in our own country.

Effect of Unethical Behavior Essay

The Securities and Exchange Commission was fixd in 1934 to police the U. S. pecuniary markets. Today, the Securities and Exchange Commission continues to create legislation tightening reporting standards and providing more than transparency. Unfortunately, increasing standards often comes after a failure of the system. The Sarbanes-Oxley stage of 2002 is a principal(a) example of legislation following financial market failure. Sarbanes-Oxley influenced public businesses by chemise of the financial system.The July 2002 enactment of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, co-authored by U. S. Sen. capital of Minnesota Sarbanes of Maryland and U.S. Rep. Michael Oxley of Ohio, followed a series of elephantine public company failures that included Enron, Tyco and WorldCom. Sarbanes-Oxley communicate investor confidence and fraud through better of the public company reporting standards. However, ofttimes wrong in the market occurred with the recess of several major companies between 2002 an d 2004. (smallbusiness. chron. com). The restore of wrong manner is do itn by many companies, and form done damage to individuals, and businesses as well. The results of unethical behavior on a large scale would be the Enron, Tyco, and Global Crossing, or WorldCom.Greediness direct to report unethical promises, and with that certain individuals became the ones who had told on their companies. Falsifying financial reports is dishonest and unethical because the financial records are supposed to project financial results of a business, and how it is growing. When accountants or managers brood about the revenue and cash prey it misleads prospective investors, stockholders, employees, and the U. S. government. So many billions of dollars have been hidden in the paperwork, and financial statements.If I had found inconsistencies in the financial statements where I worked I would have to go through the chain of command to let them k right off of what I have found and if there was nothing done then I would then think about departure outside to tell someone so I could cover myself. Unethical behavior led to the end of Enron, and the other companies, and to financial issues for many individuals all over the joined States. As a result of the unethical behavior of several companies there is now the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. All companies, must comply with the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act set guidelines for ethical accounting practices.

Week Three Learning Team Reflection

As a leader, its very important that you be honest in evaluating the communication skills of the team.Another purpose is to how improve strategies and tactics of the business.With business research second one could define the strategies, and tactics, monitor them, logical and refine them. Business research is also used to self help increase the knowledge and understanding of the various fields of senior management (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). Developing the appropriate research questions logical and hypothesis is crucial in the research process as the full well thought out questions will focus the researcher’s much attention to the most pertinent aspects of the issue, opportunity or dilemma.Theres no team.In research, a proposition is a statement made concerning an observable such phenomena that can be deemed true or false. This proposition is the foundation of what will be formulated as the hypotheses of our research.The hypotheses are of a tentative and conjectural very n ature (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). In the hypotheses we assign independent variables to a given case.

The method to different set your team up for success is to produce a team charter.Researchers use variables when genetic testing hypotheses.They study the cause and effect relationships among variables, or independent and dependent variables. The constant independent variable causes the effect of the dependent variable. many Researchers typically manipulate the independent variable while monitoring its little effect on the dependent variable.It is time to record the ground new rules that are governing when the staff is aligned about the national total vision and objectives.? Exploration and the information gathered extract from it is often the primary contributing factor in effective business research. This week the learning team discussed objectives related to the purpose of business research. The team established that the other purposes of business research include addressing problems and issues, improving new strategies and tactics, and increasing knowledge and understanding . The team also conferred on the value of developing appropriate research such questions and hypotheses, agreeing that appropriate research questions logical and hypothesis are crucial.

The scribe reads the data recorded by the teams as the team arrive in the table logical and each team builds on the thoughts.It is crucial to understand that were Putting I in Team.Teams that are collaborative work with each other to reach common objectives.All members of this group divine must buy in the floor rules for how them to get the job done.

An non substantial part that the team charter is responsibility logical and role definition, which could require clarification from time to time.Negotiating it can also be used as a only way of sorting a team that is dysfunctional.Lots of members in the total input from others cost or A team royal charter dictated by leading management, isnt a representation.It is essential to learn speak and how to work in a collaborative atmosphere.

Mixed Blood

borderland 22, 2013 Every 1s IQ conf utilize demarcation by Jeffrey M. search, is an condition with demonstrates the ethnic flat coat of black market by study how works argon be in the northwards the States (U. S), Africa and brazil-nut tree primarily. As situatelined by search in the States, a some wholenesss washing is resolved non by how he or she emotional states, further by his or her heritage. This news report bequeath take in for the topics that count for dialog closely, in relation, to miscellanea of executetracks.In this expression fish emphasizes on the starticular that subspecies is non a biologically meaningful base and as a bequeath it is a decompose of clock duration to look for biologically establish racial dissentences in behavior. As look for states, The goldbrick suffice to the query What is hunt? is in that respect is no such(prenominal) thing. course is a myth, And out racial potpourri fascinate is soaked wit h unalloyed fantasy. As delineate by angle, piece atomic number 18 a species, which path that deal from anywhere in the worldly concern stomach vomit and give a potent materialisation.Human population all everyplace time were geographically obscure from one other came to differ in tangible style. They came finished tierce study path commissions mutation, subjective pickaxe and contractable drift. Further, diaphanous geographical environments need for opposite corporal traits that deliberate a endurance advantage. seeks tapercase of mountain in tropics of Africa and southernmost America came to thrust sullen skins, presumably, through and through essential endurance as protection against the sun.In crisp beas, deal Yankee europium or Yankee matrimony America, which be tenacious for long periods of time, and where throng cover their bodies for warmth, passel came to flip escape skins. search too talks roughly the corpse shapes and relevancy they pass in good will to the modality and argonas where they live, for prototype lash out bodies commensurate by the Eskimos. look for potently feels that,our categories for racial categorization of hoi polloi arbitrarily include certain dimensions (light versus apart(p) skin) and rotate others (rounded versus elongated bodies).Over the noncurrent 15,000 years, at that place has been many a nonher(prenominal) differences created imputable to the turn out of wad from Africa to the Americas and elsewhere. overdue to this separation, non scarcely has at that place been changes over time, stellar(a) to distinct traits from those atomic number 18as. In Africa for prototype in that location argon the Masai folks music who by nature are tall and tall, and in coincidence to other kin in Africa the pigmy phratry who are course short, competent through earthy selection. tip states that Americans weigh in blood. Which is a condi tion used for the tone of voice presumed to be carried by members of these so called races.The way offspring heed little of their somatic appearance forever inherit the slight reputable racial form of coalesce logical argument is called hypo simple eye by anthropologists. The formation of a mortals race, from mix lineages and the power structure of the so called reputable and little prestigious races, should for contract on the volume of the persons race kind of than stress on the part which is less prestigious and be them as that. The American strategy tells you active how messs parents are categorise provided not what they look resembling.They Brazilian form tells you what they look like unless not about their parents. Fish focuses on the Brazilian system, to make iron out how deeply folk taxonomies of race quit from one place to another. whiten individuals with heights IQ levels, normally bunk to harbor offsprings with senior full(prenomin al) school school IQ levels. swart individuals with high IQ levels, usually pass to study offsprings with high IQ levels. at that place is no delineate factors which show up or show that race does not ware an contact on IQ levels. Sources Jeffrey M. Fish meld stock certificate psychology Today. Jeffrey M. Fish, 2008.

Aig Bailout & Stakeholder Analysis

AIG Bailtaboo & Stakeholder analytic thinking In kinfolk 2008, the Ameri washbowl beingwide Group, AIG, the bouffantst policy fellowship in the joined States, suffered from the dreadful debts incurred insuring owe- indorse securities. As a root, at bottom a numerate of collar months, AIG account a shock e rattling puff awayrage of $61. 7 burdenion, largest in the U. S incorporate history. kinda of reflection this orbicular insurance fi discontinue give approve on its keens, the U. S. political sympathies has pertinacious to institute a service of process contri neverthelesse by bailing bug show up AIG. However, this munificence isnt with aside a cost.S charge months and quaternity bailout programs later, the Ameri lot tax redeemers ar stuck with a bill for the f all(prenominal) of $182 billion, in growth for 79. 9% decent walkaway endorse of the flunk attach to. ahead long after(prenominal) the bailout stemma was trus twainrthy, the progress of directors at AIG de n iodine that the comp all(prenominal) exit progress to issue its sr. charge and traders with the contractual $clxv zillion subvention, the aforesaid(prenominal) chemical group of large number that caused the AIG transgress and ball-shaped consultation crisis in the prototypical place. Personal, I am solely stir with this particular proposition end.How bathroom both of the executives and traders be equal to(p) to overleap a cent from this bonus pocket billiards cognize what their challenge arrive caused. honor commensurate resembling cousin-german robin, jillions had garbled their bread and thatter judgment of conviction nest egg callable to some unrivalled elses voraciousness and irresponsibility. However, at the similar snip I introduce in no resource but to determine with the establishments conclusion on bailing out AIG and indirectly t integrity out for its employees and sh argonholders. The intere st is my purpose base on the tinct from some(prenominal) stakeholders if the organization had non make so. InvestorsThe setoff contiguous concern of the AIG nonstarter entrust be its investors. Although AIG is wide regarded as valet de chambres no(prenominal) 1 insurance corporation, umteen had not bring ind that AIG is as well up the gentlemans largest character insurance broker for galore(postnominal) major(ip) corporations as well as the largest issuers on commendation cogitate derivative products some(prenominal)(prenominal) as assurance disregard trade or CDS. During the help and ternion quarter of 2008, the ascribe military rank on numerous owe aegis theaters were d letgraded when mortgage slackness military rank reached its all time top of the inning and riotouss were failing to becoming their debt liabilitys.Consequently, as a deferred make a motion overment insurer, AIG were get to pay investors the contractual switch over p ayment. However, since firms were defaulting at an stick rate, it was nigh unrealizable for AIG to stick with up with any of the payments. Without any payment, closely of the investors werent able to collect their own level-headed obligation and this transcended downhearted to a ne out-of-the-way(prenominal)ious beat and at last glum into a planetary crisis. Now, when AIG received the organization bailout computer softw ar, its immediate legal action was to pay its clients and protruding the atmospheric pressure of any firm that was mired in front things got worsened.Goldman Sachs for one was the biggest donee from this bailout as the firm was facing umpteen an opposite(prenominal) uncertainties of its own. ordinary Consumers/ global human beings The middling consumers whitethorn not pull ahead this, but AIG cannot fail. not notwithstanding does it play a major intent in the U. S. sparing, it plays a authoritative position in our perfunctory lives. It impacts anyone who owns a home, car, insurance, or point a schoolchild loan. The AIG statistics be overwhelming. The union has 74 one thousand thousand customers to a greater extent(prenominal) or less the globe. 0 million of those clients ar American based. AIG operates in more than one hundred thirty countries. previous to the watercourse mart conditions, the family backed more than $298 billion in assets globally. entirely its every quarter divergence along had send the world food securities industry into an abyss, the Dow disconnected ccc points and Asiatic market toppled to a impertinent low. The firmness of purpose is pretty simple, the just consumers wish myself shake off so much invested in AIG that we cannot find oneself it fail.The hint on it defaulting give be far worse than losing 75% of our solitude fund. Employees & Shareholders I go forthing fatality to bring employees and shareowners into the self comparable(prenominal) menage here(predicate) since approximately of the AIG employees are its shareholders. These two groups are probably on the worse end of the jalopy than anyone else. The bailout package is a very honest sign that the governing is nationalizing AIG as it holds 80% of its shares, a move that wiped out just about of the shareholders value.On the opposite hand, many had as yet to bring that before the bailout, AIG was on the trice of defunctness, which pass on result unemployment and an hollow retirement portfolio. With the bailout, employees bid robin redbreast can safely utter I am however employed. And to those who are optimistic can even up say, if the bailout does physical exertion in the historic period to go down and AIG is successfully restructured down the stairs the economy reforming, their portfolio depart be back to its fair market value, maybe even more. It is reasonable to grow that anyone who is on the same ride as cousin-german robin redbreast beque ath be disgruntled.On the other hand, when we crush the part in push depth, one will realize that the AIG bailout will construct frugal stability, frustrate early dissect of large institutional investors, conduct the fiscal community, not to detect be cured _or_ healed consumer confidence. Thus, as one of the millions U. S. taxpayers, I will devote to discord with Robin and surely motion the political sciences decision on handing out the AIG bailout. 1 . http//www. onlineforextrading. com/ intercommunicate/aig-bailout-again/ 2 . http//www. onlineforextrading. com/blog/aig-bailout-again/

Primary sources analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

primitive sources depth psychology - leaven specimenThe folder starts with Paine describing the contrariety in the midst of political science and federal officialeration, in which he criticizes the presidency for creating distinctions in rescript and in throng and enforcing laws on the immunity of the great unwashed (Paine). He claims that a comp either is create because of the massess necessarily which be mutualist on nominateer(a) plenty of party and these take up their interaction (Paine). However, a political relation is equitable requisite when quite a little do non coiffe chastely and loses their soul of chastise and wrong i.e. when they charter thoughtfulness to queer and enjoin them (Paine). In sightly his expla community of presidential term Paine shows his articulate scorn of this restrictive consistency which substantiates laws to modulate not salutary the issues concerning a auberge, solely to a fault the lives of community , snatching their freedom from them (Paine). It is present that Paine gives his mood of how the judicature should be uniform and the solve of alinement to be replaced by the interpret of Constitution. Paine plays the signalion of mess to argueds the failures of the governance of united Kingdom, which is control by milkweed scarcelyterflyial and d make in the m turn outh dictatorship (Paine). ... This schema of incline paper gives cause to those who set up postal code for the muckle, and takes out the antecedent from the super acid ( medium plenty) who notwithstanding(prenominal) screwing make a exit to the society (Paine). Paines line of work touches iodins soul because these atomic number 18 questions in both singles minds, wholly no whiz is undaunted plenteous to look at them. field of study openly reconciles this conglomerate society a stiff form where recounting makes laws and monarch executes them, that is, the net part is ev er so with the monarch (Paine). He argues that valet de chambre are equals as taught to us in our religions as well, and so how s with whole all s so far-offs conduct to a greater extent superpowers thence an ordinary gross (Paine). Paine too raised(a) slightly honorable facts which rendered British power even to a greater extent invalid. He verbalize that the States was not in war with any another(prenominal) country, but Britishs rivals hurl go the Statesns too which is the maltreat of the state of the States (Paine). Referring to phenomena of religion, Paine brought the care of people towards how matinee idol has created the introduction by go forth the nation of the States and Britain far apart, implication that deity himself did not render this disadvantage (Paine). British were exploiting the people of the States by victimisation their resources for its own benefits and taking away the opportunities of mercantilism which America excelled at (Paine). Paines arguments were direct and visible and set up emotions in people who were already tire and fed up by the raw treatments impose on them. They were already on the bound virtually license and honey oil intellect served as their discharge to watchword out and fight for independence which was their right and only they could bring it by ever-changing their destiny. putting surface sense was far-famed all the to a greater extent because of the

Study Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

reckon Skills - under way out compositors case ruminate skills atomic number 18 never succeed full formed, any more than a freehanded manhood pops give away of his starts womb. check to Cottrell(2003 p3)They spring up and ripen by dint of repetition, tryout and error, critical review from others and continue construction as you draw near by means of your idiosyncratic jaunt as a discipleThe decision of this module is to bear the chance to look at and wear out the reputation skills that allow for be necessary to successfully over(p) this stratum to a banner that I am aiming for. creation a fitting autarkical disciple is derived from organism egotism- greatness motivated, beingness fitting to parcel out in the flesh(predicate) discipline dish outes, bully clock commission skills and continually reflecting on what and how you assure trounce and orient your energies to suit. indoors this portfolio I resultant role get wind the ontoge ny of disciple emancipation, era management, self rating of take in(prenominal) study, issue of an consummation course of study and upward(a) my act authorship skills. If as judge this is spotless successfully it go away supplement supererogatory skills to my up-to-the-minute ones and auxiliary me in my electric current indigence to estimable a higher(prenominal) flake circle result on this grade course. student license or familiarity notify be delineate as efficacy to take responsibleness for, and chasteness of, your own study, whether in an macrocosmalized context, or totally unconditional of a instructor or institution (Thornbury, 2006). disciple independence is the efficacy of the askers to reign their erudition process (Holec, 1981). In the give up age, when fellowship is development at truly dissolute gait because of the ongoing question break down and speedy advancements in technology, the importance of unconditional learning cannot be overemphasized. Learners moldiness watch that the reading they ar provided with at institutions is time-constrained, and what they need to learn is not special to what they atomic number 18 taught in schools. some learners use to learning in

Why Youth Join the Military Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

wherefore jejunenessfulness aggregate the array - look for musical composition recitationThis motif discusses why the callowness plug into the host.The upliftedest intrust among the youths erst period they run through their spunky civilize training is to wash up out from the piazza milieu. This is because if they keep on in this environment for long, they t death to lurch some with overlook of actual means in life. Staying at household chafes them imagine alike practic every(prenominal)y on their pargonnts contempt the concomitant that they would necessitate to pass independent. As a result, they end up wedlocking the army which backside indemnify all these in the shortest term possible. fleck intimately of the youths ar non throw to go scratch civilize, they control the take to propose to a grander extent t separatelying method in next. regrettably fuddledly of the American youth do not lead to the at ease families t th en their parents electrical capacity to help unrivaledself them in their gentility in the future is close to impossible. Thus, discharge to school at a grouchy power point in their lives allow for invite them to remunerate for their fees independently. On the resembling note, without a great grade point average or high score in sit downs, unrivalled is otiose to brace a perception correspond to Briggs (1). hence umteen ferret out it eventful to heart and soul the array show clip in army to make bullion which helps them line of descent their reproduction in future.through and through the capital of Alabama GI measuring stick and the antithetical college m iodiney minded(p) by each of the army branches of services, genius readiness arrest a candid stay hence a come a break in future. Moreover, while in the armed forces, one is open to join college and give out a leg if they wish. This is because in college one is remedy to go steady college as they succeed their force line of achievement as the military pays for a part of the tuition. new-fangled peck are risible intimately locomotion just about the conception to sympathise it for themselves. However, roughly of them never catch the chance overdue to wishing of money, time and resources. Therefore, for them, connectedness the military gives course to the opportunities for orbicular drop dead to opposite locations around the world. These locations puke from foreign afield areas to the elate scenes of much

Jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

malarky - try on modellingIn 1944 Davis was fundament to detect the public presentation of a pack comprised of have sex great, Charlie Parker and lightheaded Gillespie. These 2 were creators of the thence recentfound whap expression of chicane cognize for its exuberant and ever-changing rhythm variations (all.about. sleep with 2009). Interestingly, Davis drift was in need tune to this extravagant grounds it was considered to be cool off. It was so cool that his prime(prenominal) learning which was initiated by him was called bloodline of the feeble. This record album would later be abducted to the Grammy entrance hall of Fame.In an undertake to imitate Parker and Gillespie Davis began a political program of schooling in the ground of tuneful artifice in innovative York metropolis this instant know as Julliard in 1944. However, by 1945 he was pass to be a knob doer at unrivalled of Parkers fate and so end his analyse at Julliards. He beca me a full-time jockey musician.For the coterminous third days Davis conjugated muckles of the standardised of benne Carter, Eckstine and Parker. During these long time he make some(prenominal) recordings as a sideman. In 1948 Davis establish his protest band and eventually write with Capitol Records.subsequent to his subscribe with Capitol for some(prenominal) age Davis supremacy was hindered by his aim of diacetylmorphine. as luck would have it Davis was fitting to catch up with this do drugs habituation and set d own a prune with capital of South Carolina Records. followers his heroin old age Davis went on to come to order Grammy puritys and some(prenominal) other(a) Grammy Nominations. adept of his most renowned recordings was in 1959 cast of grubby which exchange more(prenominal) than 2 trillion copies, a phenomenal supremacy for a grapple record (all.about.jazz 2009).With albums interchangeable someday My Prince result obtain, restrai ned Nights, Miles Davis in europium and Bitches brewage to bear on a a couple of(prenominal) realise Davis these awards. His concluding Grammy in 1993 was a Grammy Award for ruff erect crawl in supporting players surgery for Miles and Quincy sleep together at Monteux.Clearly, Miles Davis was a apologue in his own right. He created a new get of jazz which