Delaying Childbearing: Why it is Important to Have Children While in Co

Like many other women, I was raised in a family that repetitively told me that I needed to finish school onwards thinking about get married, and definitely before having kids. This made sense when I became an adult, why non put all my focus into my schooling. Yet, for me that would mean that I would be in my early thirties when I finished school. This has become the norm for women to marry and subscribe to children in there 30s, then in days past, where they were in their early to mid-twenties. After completing my first bachelors degree, I got engaged I was in a perfect place, and I was not going away to hold off just so I could finish school. Now that I have been married for two years, successfully working and going to school, starting a family is important to me. If I were to follow what my parents told me, from this day, I would still have to wait 4-5 more years to finish school, and then start that family. nevertheless though having kids in college could keep your from com pleting a degree, you should have children in college because delaying childbearing could affect fertility and the likelihood of pregnancy complications. College is perceived as a time for young adults to have fun, and having children before or during college would provide an obstacle of completing a college education. Four million college students have children, which is roughly 25 share of all enrolled college students (Nelson, Froehner, and Gault 1). Although this is a large number, many students would prefer to focus on themselves. Today women face the dilemma of if they even would want to have children. Focuses on getting a degree, and starting a career is ever so important for many women to create their lives on. Waiting until you are settled in your career puts ... ...n in school has many problems, as well as advantages. First, the obvious reason is that having kids in college is a financial burden, along with the stresses of maintaining family life with college life. Secon dly, many students that do have children while in school, unfortunately, do not finish their degree. Works CitedBalasch, Juan, and Eduard Gratacs. Delayed Childbearing Effects On Fertility And The Outcome Of Pregnancy. Fetal Diagnosis & Therapy 29.4 (2011) 263-273. EBSCO MegaFILE. Web. 20 Apr. 2014.Cnattingius, Sven, et al. Delayed childbearing and risk of adverse perinatal outcome a population-based study. Jama 268.7 (1992) 886-890.Nelson, Bethany, Meghan Froehner, and Barbara Gault. College Students with Children Are Common and Face Many Challenges in Completing Higher Education. mishandle Institute For Womens Policy Research, Mar. 2013. PDF.

Essay --

What assessment data is relevant to this patient that must be recognized as clinically significant to the nurse?The patients vital signs are within normal limits for his age and patient has had good enteral intake for nurses shift and has had good output. patient shows no signs of retractions and has good aeration. Patient IV access has been changed to a saline lock to keep the line open. Patient has no pain at this time. principle has the status of the patient improved or not as judge to this point? What data supports this evaluation assessment?The patient has improved as was expected as evidenced by vital signs within normal limits for his age and patient has had good enteral intake for nurses shift and has had good output. Patient shows no signs of retractions and has good aeration. Patients IV access has been changed to a saline lock to keep the line open. Patient has no pain at this time.What pre-procedure pedagogics is needed for Jaxon and his family regarding the PICC i nsertion? What are appropriate techniques should be used for the teaching?Teach the family tha...

Comparing and Contrasting the Epics of Homer and Virgils Aeneid Essay

Comparing and Contrasting the Epics of Homer and Virgils Aeneid Books I and II of Aeneid argon an account of Virgils adventures narrated by him. He includes the actions of the gods in his point of view. The tone of the epic is tragic and sympathetic. Books I-IV is Aeneas wanderings. In the first half of the epic, Aeneas tells the story of the siege of Troy and his escape, do Dido to love him. Venus and Juno contrive to isolate Dido and Aeneas in a cave during a hunting trip, and there the two lovers consummate their affair. Aeneas leaves Carthage for Italy at Mercurys prodding, causing the sorrowful Dido to kill herself. (spark notes) Aeneid is considered a secondary epic more concerned more with duty than his own happiness. There is a simile in Book I of Aeneas as a hunter of deer and in Book IV where he is a figurative hunter of Dido. There are many go on words in the Aeneid. There are to a fault no repetitions as with Homer.The are many parallels in the epics of Homer and Virgi l. The description of the storm in the Aeneid reminded me of the Odyssey. Aeneas watches as the storm approaches and throws his ship off course. Poseidon, the god of storms at sea, throws Odysseus ship off course many times. Both Aeneid and Odyssey make reference to their mothers. There are also various disguises in both epics.Book 1Aeneas and his Trojans are seven years into their journey home from the Trojan War to Italy when Juno, queen of the gods and arch-enemy of the Trojans, has Aeolus, god of the winds, shock up a violent storm which drives their ships off course. Aeneas, with some of the Trojan fleet, lands in North Africa Aeneas is a nearly broken man, but he pulls himself together and encourages his people.The scen... ...e ongoing construction of Carthage comes to a halt. Juno and Venus arrange for Dido and Aeneas to have to shelter together overnight in a storm-bound cave. Jupiter sends Mercury, the messenger of the god, to remind Aeneas of his duty to move around on to Italy. Aeneas is miserable, but accepts that he must follow the will of the gods. Dido begs him not to leave her, and ultimately commits suicide as the Trojans set sail, cursing them with her last trace and vowing her people to eternal war with those of Aeneas. (enotes)Sources Cited and ConsultedLawall, Sarah The Norton Anthology World Masterpieces Seventh Edition Volume 1 W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. Copyright 1984Mandelbaum, Allen The Aeneid of Virgil, Bantam Books Publishing,Copyright 1971http//www.enotes.com/aeneid/4131 (c)2000-2004 eNotes.com LLChttp//www.sparknotes.com/lit/aeneid/facts.html

The Ethics in Artificial Intelligence Systems :: Computer Technology

The Ethics in Artificial Intelligence Systems Introduction Not too long in history were computers invented. In fact, computers were first invented within this very century. Today we can see that computers are extremely helpful in our daily lives. The field in technology has modify so much in just the last few decades. We can see this by examining the technological advancements in computers themselves--such as having more capacities, storing more memories, playing more tasks and even in a less amount of time, etc. By observing the inconceivable progressions, one can see that not all will the field in technology will grow but grow exponentially. Thus, the growth in technological innovations will be promising to society. With this in mind, for the past few decades, m some(prenominal) people especially scientists, researchers, and inventors have accustomed so much time and energy in AI (artificial intelligence). The subject progeny of artificial intelligence has bro ught many anticipation in society. Not only does artificial intelligence has many promises such as efficiently solving legion(predicate) technical problems, but also AI would promise for a better understanding in cognitive processes, particularly, the human mind 1. Before we go any further, lets take a look at the history behind artificial intelligence.HistoryThe concepts of the development of artificial intelligence can be traced as faraway back as ancient Greece. 2 Even something as small as the abacus has in somehow led to the idea of artificial intelligence. However, one of the biggest breakthroughs in the area of AI is when computers were invented. So who was this genius that came up with this idea of computers? One would have thought that computers were first originated in the United States, but this is not true. 3 Nonetheless, the United States of America, Britain, and Germany all happened to create the computer during the same era. Germany was actually the first c ountry that developed the computer. And the man that represented Germany is Konrad Zuse. Zuse had the worlds first general-purpose programmable computer up and running by the end of the year 1941. 3 Next came Bletchley Park, who represented Britain he was a top secret wartime establishment which was devoted to breaking the Wehrmachts codes. 3 With the help of mathematicians and engineers, Park was able to build an electronic computer for deciphering coded messages called the Colossus.

A Wrinkle in Time :: essays research papers

Meg Murry - The books heroine and protagonist, a homely, awkward, but loving high schooldays student who is sent on an adventure by dint of time and space with her brother and her friend Calvin to rescue her father from the evil force that is attempting to take everyplace the universe. Megs greatest faults are her anger, impatience, and lack of self-confidence, but she channels and overcomes them, ultimately emerging victorious.A Wrinkle in Time is the story of Meg Murry, a high-school-aged young woman who is transported on an adventure through time and space with her younger brother Charles Wallace and her friend Calvin OKeefe to rescue her father, a gifted scientist, from the evil forces that hold him prisoner on another planet. At the beginning of the book, Meg is a homely, awkward, but loving girl, troubled by personal insecurities and her concern for her father, who has been missing for over a year. The game begins with the arrival of Mrs. Whatsit at the Murry house on a d ark and stormy evening. Although she looks like an eccentric tramp, she is actually a celestial creature with the ability to admit Megs thoughts. She startles Megs mother by reassuring her of the existence of a tesseract--a sort of "wrinkle" in space and time. It is through this wrinkle that Meg and her companions will travel through the fifth dimension in search of Mr. Murry.On the afternoon following Mrs. Whatsits visit, Meg and Charles Wallace walk over to Mrs. Whatsits cabin. On the way, they meet Calvin OKeefe, a popular male child in Megs school whom Charles considers a kindred spirit. The three children learn from Mrs. Whatsit and her friends Mrs. Who and Mrs. Which that the universe is threatened by a great evil called the Dark Thing and fetching the form of a giant cloud, engulfing the stars around it. Several planets have already succumbed to this evil force, including Camazotz, the planet on which Mr. Murry is imprisoned.The three Mrs. Ws transport the children to Camazotz and instruct them to remain ceaselessly in each others company while on their quest for Mr. Murry. On Camazotz, all objects and places appear exactly alike because the whole planet must line up to the terrifying rhythmic pulsation of IT, a giant disembodied brain. Charles Wallace tries to fight IT with his exceptional intelligence but is overpowered by the evil and becomes a robot-like creature mouthing the spoken language with which IT infuses him.

A Wrinkle in Time :: essays research papers

Meg Murry - The books heroine and protagonist, a homely, awkward, but loving high school student who is sent on an adventure by time and space with her brother and her friend Calvin to rescue her father from the evil force that is attempting to take over the universe. Megs greatest faults are her anger, impatience, and lack of self-confidence, but she channels and overcomes them, ultimately emerging victorious.A Wrinkle in Time is the story of Meg Murry, a high-school-aged female child who is transported on an adventure through time and space with her younger brother Charles Wallace and her friend Calvin OKeefe to rescue her father, a gifted scientist, from the evil forces that hold him prisoner on another planet. At the beginning of the book, Meg is a homely, awkward, but loving girl, troubled by personal insecurities and her concern for her father, who has been missing for over a year. The mend begins with the arrival of Mrs. Whatsit at the Murry house on a dark and stormy ev ening. Although she looks like an eccentric tramp, she is actually a celestial creature with the ability to admit Megs thoughts. She startles Megs mother by reassuring her of the existence of a tesseract--a sort of "wrinkle" in space and time. It is through this wrinkle that Meg and her companions will travel through the fifth dimension in search of Mr. Murry.On the afternoon following Mrs. Whatsits visit, Meg and Charles Wallace walk over to Mrs. Whatsits cabin. On the way, they meet Calvin OKeefe, a popular male child in Megs school whom Charles considers a kindred spirit. The three children learn from Mrs. Whatsit and her friends Mrs. Who and Mrs. Which that the universe is threatened by a great evil called the Dark Thing and winning the form of a giant cloud, engulfing the stars around it. Several planets have already succumbed to this evil force, including Camazotz, the planet on which Mr. Murry is imprisoned.The three Mrs. Ws transport the children to Camazotz and i nstruct them to remain endlessly in each others company while on their quest for Mr. Murry. On Camazotz, all objects and places appear exactly alike because the whole planet must adapt to the terrifying rhythmic pulsation of IT, a giant disembodied brain. Charles Wallace tries to fight IT with his exceptional intelligence but is overpowered by the evil and becomes a robot-like creature mouthing the haggling with which IT infuses him.

Business Decision Making Assiment Essay

You should sign this sheet to show that you comply with these regulations. Students cutaneous senses Date Acknowledgement I take this chance to thank Miss. M. PriyanthimalaWho helped me to improve and developed this particular project. She let offed well about the project and sacrificed her most of the sentence to explain and similarly made sure that all the students understood. She was ready to help out in any time and gave her full support for this particular project.I in the long run would like to thank my pargonnts, friends and others for helping to do this project. Thank you TASKS PAGE NO lying-in 01 04 Task 02 09 Task 03 14 Task 04 16 Task 05 24 Task 06 27 Task 07 31 Task 08 32 Task 09 34 Task 10 35 Task 11 38 Task 12 43 Task 13 44 Task 14 47 Task 15 49 Reference 51 Task 1 T 1. 1 discrimination between a ingest and a population Population Sample * Population is the ara in which you are severe to get information from. * This meaning of population is also used in surve y research, but this is only ane of many possible definitions of population. Examples Cedar prime students trees in North America automobiles with four wheels people who consume olive oil. * Sample is a section of your population that you are actually going to survey. It is outstanding to have a sample that get out represent your entire population in order to minimize biases.Survey research is found on try out, which involves acquire information from only whatever members of the population. * Samples whoremonger be drawn in several different ways, such as probability samples, quota samples, purposive samples, and volunteer samples. Examples presume the populations stated above 47 Cedar Crest students chosen randomly 8463 trees randomly selected in North America 20 sample autos from each stir (e. g. , GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda, etc. ) 1% of the oil consuming population per country T 1. 2 Describe the advantages of try out * takesaves moneyas it is a good deal cheaper to get inthe desired information from a smallsamplethan from the whole population. * Samplingsaves a lot of time and energy as the needed entropy are salt away and processed much faster than census information.And this is a very important consideration in all fonts of investigations or surveys. * Samplingprovides information that is around as accurate as that obtained from a complete census rather a properly designed and carefully executedsamplesurvey willing provide much accurate moments. Moreover, owing to the reduced volume of work, persons of higher caliber and properly trained can be employed to analyze the entropy. * Samplingmakes it possible to obtain more detailed information from each unit of thesampleas collecting data from a few units of the population (i. e. ample) can be more complete and thorough. * Samplingis essential to obtaining the data when the measurement processphysicallydamages or destroys thesamplingunit underinvestigation. For example, in order to meas ure the average lifetime oflight bulbs, the measurement process destroys thesamplingunits, i. e. the bulbs, as they are used until they burn out.A manufacturer will therefore use only asampleoflight bulbsfor this purpose and will not burn out all the bulbs produced. Similarly, the whole pot of dope cannot be tasted to determine if it has an acceptable flavor. Samplingmay be the only means available for obtaining the needed information when the population appears to be inexhaustible or is inaccessible such as the population of mountainous or thickly forested areas. In such cases, taking $ complete census tocollectdata would neither bephysicallypossible nor practically feasible. * Samplinghas much smaller non- reception, following up of which is much easier. The term non-response means the no availability of information from somesamplingunits included in thesamplefor any reason such as failure to locate or measure some of the units, refusals, not-at-home, etc. Samplingis extensivel y used to obtain some of the census information. * The most important advantage ofsamplingis that it provides a valid measure of dependableness for thesampleestimatesand this is one of the two basic purposes ofsampling. * Reliability If we collect the information about all the units of population, the collected information may be true. But we are never sure about it. We do not know whether the information is true or is completely false. Thus we cannot say anything with confidence about the attribute of information. We say that the reliability is not possible.This is a very important advantage of sampling. The inference about the population parameters is possible only when the sample data is collected from the selected sample. * Sometimes the experiments are done on sample basis. The fertilizers, the seeds and the medicines are initially tested on samples and if found useful, then they are applied on heavy(p) scale. Most of the research work is done on the samples. * Sample data i s also used to check the accuracy of the census data. T 1. 3 Difference between primary data and secondary data T1. 4 Difference between a statistic and a parameterParameter is any characteristic of the population. Statistic on the other hand is a characteristic of the sample. Statistic is used to estimate the value of the parameter. Note that the value of statistic changes from one sample to the next which leads to a study of the sampling distribution of statistic. When we draw a sample from a population, it is just one of many samples that might have been drawn and, therefore, observations made on any one sample are likely to be different from the true value in the population (although some will be the same).Imagine we were to draw an infinite (or very large) number of samples of individuals and calculate a statistic, say the arithmetical mean, on each one of these samples and that we then plotted the mean value obtained from each sample on a histogram (a chart using bars to repr esent the number of times a particular value occurred). This would represent the sampling distribution of the arithmetic mean. T1. 5 Define sampling errors with example? Sampling error is an error that occurs when using samples to make inferences about the populations from which they are drawn.There are two kinds of sampling error random error and bias. Random error is a pattern of errors that tend to cancel one another out so that the overall result still accurately reflects the true value. Every sample design will generate a certain amount of random error. Bias, on the other hand, is more serious because the pattern of errors is loaded in one direction or another and therefore do not balance each other out, producing a true distortion. These are the errors which occur due to the nature ofsampling.Thesampleselected from the population is one of all possible samples. Any value calculated from thesampleis based on the sampledata and is calledsamplestatistic. Task 2 T2. 1 Advantages a nd disadvantages of arithmetic mean. Advantages * Fast and easy to calculate- As the most basic measure in statistics,arithmetic average is very easy to calculate. For a small data set, you can calculate the arithmetic mean quickly in your head or on a piece of paper. Incomputer programslike Excel, the arithmetic average is always one of the most basic and best known functions. here(predicate) you can see thebasics of arithmetic average calculation. * Easy to work with and use in further analysis- Because its calculation is straightforward and its meaning known to allbody,arithmetic averageis also more comfortable touse as input to further analyses and calculations. When you work in a team of more people, the others will much more likely be familiar witharithmetic averagethangeometric averageormode. Disadvantages * Sensitive to extreme values- Arithmetic average is extremely excellent to extreme values.Therefore,arithmetic averageis not the best measure to use with data sets conta ining a few extreme valuesor with more dust (volatile) data setsin general. Mediancan be a separate alternative in such cases. * Not suitable for time series type of data- Arithmetic averageis perfect for measuring central tendency when youre working with data sets of independent values taken at one catamenia of time. There was an example of this in one of the previous articles, when we wereyear. However, in finance you often work with percentage returns over a series of multiple time periods.Forcalculating average percentage return over multiple periods of time,arithmetic average is useless as it fails to take the different basis in every year into consideration (100% equals a different price or portfolio value at the beginning of each year). The more volatile the returns are, the more significant this impuissance of arithmetic average is. Here you can see the example and reason whyarithmetic average fails when measuring average percentage returns over time. * kit and boodle onl y when all values are equally important- Arithmetic average treats all the individual observations equally.In finance and investing, you often need to work with mismatched weights. For example, you have a portfolio of stocks and it is highly unlikely that all stocks will have the same weight and therefore the same impact on the quantity transaction of the portfolio. Calculating the average performance of the total portfolio or a basket of stocks is a typical case whenarithmetic average is not suitableand it is better to use weighted average instead. You can find more details and an example hereWhy you need weighted average for calculating total portfolio return. T2. 2 Comparative picture of median, mode, mean The MedianThe Median is the middle value in your list. When the totals of the list are odd, the median is the middle entry in the list after sorting the list into increase order. When the totals of the list are even, the median is equal to the sum of the two middle (after so rting the list into increasing order) numbers divided by two. Thus, remember to line up your values, the middle number is the median Be sure to remember the odd and even rule.That is, if the data is in meters, the standard deviation is in meters as well. The variance is in meters2, which is more difficult to interpret. Neither the standard deviation nor the variance is robust to outliers. A data value that is separate from the body of the data can increase the value of the statistics by an arbitrarily large amount. The meanabsolute deviation (MAD) is also sensitive to outliers. But the MAD does not move quite as much as the standard deviation or variance in response to bad data. Theinterquartile range (IQR) is the difference between the 75th and 25th percentile of the data.Since only the middle 50% of the data affects this measure, it is robust to outliers. T3. 2 What are the different characteristics of the following measures of dispersion. Therangeis the simplest measure ofdispers ion. The range can be thought of in two ways. 1. As a quantity the difference between the highest and last(a) scores in a distribution. 2. As an interval the lowest and highest scores may be reported as the range. By far the most unremarkably used measures of dispersion in the social sciences arevarianceandstandard deviation. Varianceis the average squared difference of scores from the mean score of a distribution.

Application of Honeycomb Sandwich Structures

Sandwich construction by and large consists of 3 parts the centre tote that is light and is covered by face sheets from the top and the underside. The stuff of the face sheets ar normally do from stuffs that have towering stiffness, while the cell nucleus of the construction is made up of extremely compressive stuff and spunky-pitched shear strength.Even though the constructions ar lightweight, they have a high fracture/bending strength and buckling strength. Therefore this al slumped the organise structures to go an indispensable portion of the modern lightweight twist. The composite machinate constructions atomic number 18 by and large preferable structural signifier because they rump be easy constructed by utilizing stuffs that are significantly lower in addresss, while they besides have higher bending stiffness, while keeping the same amount of money of fibre rein puffd polymer stuffs being utilise.The nucleus is the portion that is responsible for the separ ating and repairing the shins, while besides arresting cross shear, screening and radiation, absorb impact energy, and insulate heat transfe ration. The stick of the faces to the nucleus, is to obtain a burden transportation between all the constituents. Polymeric cores that have higher denseness besides have higher shear and densification strengths, but this besides makes them heavier thusly a via media has to be reached between keeping low weight and high public presentation.The faces of the sandwich construction should take up high stiffness that will therefore five high flexural rigidness, a high compressive strength and high tensile strength, should be impact immune, good surface coating, and ultimately it should besides be wear and environmental opposition so it does non respond with the surrounding.The usage of sandwiching , we are able to dramatically gain the strength and flexural rigidness, if we are to equate it to a individual tegument construction while non addin g much weight.General demands of the constructionIn rewrite for the home bases to defy the compressive, tensile and shear emphasiss that are induced by the design burden, they should be thick plenty.The nucleus should h emeritus more(prenominal) than adequate strength in instal for it to defy the shear emphasiss that are being induced by the tonss, while besides the adhesive must besides hold sufficient strength, so it can be able to transport the shear emphasis into the nucleus.The nucleus should besides be thick plenty and have enough shear modulus to be able to forestall the overall buckling of the sandwich under tonss, and to besides forestall crimping ( the procedure where two pieces of metal or ductile stuff are joined by the distortion of one or both of them to keep one an different )The nucleus cells should be little plenty in order to forestall dimpling ( pregnant chads are the little indentures or depressions that appear on the surface of a organic structure ) under bur den.The nucleus must hold adequate compressive strength that will assist it defy the suppression by the designed tonss that act normal to the panel facings, or by the compressive emphasiss that are induced through flection. The overall construction must hold sufficient shear and flexural rigidness to be able to avoid the inordinate warps under the designed burden.Dame that occurs in sandwich complexs, is a instead complex phenomena that is due to the legion failure mechanism.The fret constructions are either natural constructions formed such as from bees, or semisynthetic constructions that use the geometry of the honeycomb in order to let the minimisation of the measure of stuffs that is being utilize in order to assist make a minimal weight while besides memory minimal stuff costs. The honeycomb structures geometry can differ immensely, but the most common characteristic of all of the constructions is the scope of hollow cells that are formed between the thin perpendicular wa lls. Normally the cell forms are either hexangular or columnar. The honeycomb like construction offers a stuff that has really small denseness and comparatively high compaction and shear belongingss.The stuffs of the semisynthetic honeycomb structural stuffs are often made by puting the honeycomb stuff between the two thin beds that provide the strength when there is tenseness. A plate-like assembly signifiers. The honeycomb stuffs are immensely used where a marginally curved or level surfaces are required and their high weight to strength ratio is valued. They are to a outstanding extent used in the aerospace industry chiefly for this ground, while some stuffs such as advanced composite stuffs and fibreglass have been included in projectiles and aircrafts for over 50 old ages now. fret sandwich constructions can be found in several other applications, such as from something every bit basic as publicity stuffs utilizing paper-based honeycomb ( composition board ) , to athleticss m erchandises such as snowboards and skis.Honeycomb sandwich constructions are industry by utilizing a broad assortment of different stuffs that weigh on the application intended and the features that are required. Honeycomb nucleuss such as paper/cardboard and thermoplastics, used for low stiffness and low strength for low application tonss, to high stiffness and high strength for applications that require high public presentations, the nucleuss used in such instances are from fibre reinforced plastics or aluminium. Harmonizing to the size of the panel, the denseness or sum of the honeycomb cells that are within it, and the facing stuff the strength of sandwich panels are used. The honeycomb complexs are immensely used in assorted industries, from the automotive and aerospace industries, to furniture and wadding industries. The construction is named honeycomb due to the ocular resemblance to a bees honeycombHoneycomb nucleuss are used in a broad assortment of applications such as M arine vass, aerospace applications, walls, doors, ceilings, warming and air instruct units, in mensurating the energy divergence of sound extension in media, lifts, in the directional systems of air, visible radiation and H2O, and finally in bathroom and kitchen dividers. They are besides used in applications such as in the devising of human body of the modern role of expression one autos. In the expression one autos the honeycomb is sandwich in between two C shins that will make a really stiff and strong construction, which will therefore supply the protection to the driver if he is to hold a unsafe clang.Advantages of honeycomb sandwich over other conventional stuffsIt has really low weight therefore makes it easier to work withLastingnessHigh stiffnessSaves cost in productionIt requires really small careAdvantages of honeycomb sandwich constructionsWithout dramatically increasing the weight, noble-minded degrees of strength and stiffness can be reachedThe sandwich building besides could preempt as either a thermic dielectric or a thermic transportations, this procedure depends on the stuff that is traveling to be used.Besides the moistening of kerfuffle and quiver occurs due to the nucleus stuff.Relatively light stuffs could be used.A huge array of stuffs such as C, paper, aluminium etc. could be used.The nucleus has a high strength to burden ratio while besides holding an first-class compaction strength.A disadvantage of the honeycomb nucleus is that some of the stuffs are expensive, while other stuffs are caustic depending on the stuff that is being used.Different types of nucleus stuffs that are used areNomex honeycombVinyl sheet frothBalsa woodPolyurethane sheet frothAluminumPaper/cardboard nucleusNomex honeycomb is fervency and fire resistant, has good impact opposition, is flexible, and lightweight. The Nomex honeycomb is chiefly used in the aerospace industry for the structural applications, due to it offering the best strength to burden rat io of nucleus stuffs. This peculiar type of honeycomb is an aerospace class fibre that is coated by phenol. Due to the cell structures being over grow, it allows it to obtain more flexibleness, which thusly besides makes it the most suitably employ in tight radius curves.Vinyl sheet froth is one of the most adaptably used nucleus stuffs in the keyet. It is a closed cell, stiff stuff that is immune to thin acids, hydrocarbons, base, sea H2O, Diesel oil, methyl intoxicant, gasolene, and it besides able to self-extinguish its ego. It is presently being used on a large graduated table in the aircraft industry and the public presentation automotive constructions industry every bit good. It can be applied anyplace, such as topographic points that require high belongingss and easy handling. The froth is typically thermoformed in an oven or utilizing a heat gun while force per unit area is gently applied. If ultimate if it is desired to make the ultimate Peel strength a perforation rolle r is used in order to increase the surface country of the froth, which leads up to the addition of the Peel strength an excess 15 to 20 % . The vinyl sheet froth is really good appreciated due to it holding superior structural and mechanical belongingss. They are besides really easy handled in treating such as thermoforming, cutting, and determining. They are besides used in the procedure of rapid majority edifice, or in the bonding of single sheets that will supply the extra thickness that is needed in mark countries. It is besides H2O immune and insulative.Polyurethane sheet frothIt is stiff, with first-class floatation and thermic detachment belongingss, while it is besides closed cell. Some of the rationality as to why the Marine industry has been utilizing the froth extensively for the last few decennaries are that -it is non really expensive when a lower belongings cored laminate is required. -The sheets are besides available in a broad assortment of thicknesses and are besi des stiff. -The closed cell construction, allows it to defy the soaking up of H2O, gasolene, and oil.The froth demands to be stored off from sunlight in order to avoid debasement. It can besides defy temperatures that range from 60 F up to 300F.Balsa wood nucleusThis is the most used type of wood nucleus. It was specifically used in in the Marine industry, normally used for boat hulls and decks. One of the chief causal agency as to why balsa is used, is because it is a natural merchandise, and could provide the market demand invariably due the balsa trees speedy outgrowth rate. Some other advantages include its low cost, it is a light stuff yet being really strong. Some disadvantages include, the possibility of being damaged by H2O, because it rots when it gets wet. when we compare it to a solid fibre glass stuff it is more expensive, hence the fibre glass is by and large used as the exchange stuff to the balsa wood nucleus in the Marine industry.Aluminum honeycomb nucleusThe a luminium honeycomb construction provides the maximal stiffness that could be obtained and is the stuff that has one of the greatest strength to burden ratios, when compared to the other available structural nucleus stuffs. A chemical transition surfacing to protect the resist from corrosion is used after the foil is good cleaned. If maximal protection from corrosion is wanted, Alcores proprietary PAA coating is used in order to protect it from really rough environments. Some of the aluminium honeycomb belongingss include -its first-class strength to burden ratio. its ability to defy corrosion. its ability to execute in elevated temperatures. resistant to fungus and fire. easily formed and machined. does non absorb wet. high thermic conduction. withstands up to 350F. has high stiffness. super level surface. it is a sound and thermic dielectric. absorbs quiver. it can be recycled. easily fabricated and installed. convenient in care. The applications where aluminium honeycomb nucleus could be used in include Marine vass, doors, walls, ceilings, warming and air conditioning units, in mensurating the energy loss of sound extension in media, air and visible radiation and H2O directional systems, lifts, and eventually in bathrooms and kitchen dividers.Paper/cardboard honeycomb nucleusIs normally used in the fabrication of panels in the trappings industry and is by and large used in the interior doors in the edifice sector.Some of the applications where the paper nucleus is used include advertisement shows, it is used in the devising of carton palettes, used in the devising of container palette, automotive parts, swop carnival bases and packaging stuffs. It is a comparatively light and strong stuff, and its concentration and strength are due to the about perfect hexangular form that its cells make, which hence makes it highly immune to compaction, and is applicable in a broad assortment of instances. Properties of the paper honeycomb nucleus include it is a 100 % re claimable stuff, has high force per unit area strength, environment friendly, due to its great strength to burden ratio it is an first-class nucleus stuff that is able to be used for most applications, it is easy to utilize, really cost effectual, it is adaptable to huge utilizations in the uninterrupted production procedure, it gives a smooth surface with the stuffs that are confronting it, it is used in either cold or hot pressure, can be easy stored, has smaller weight, due to it being a 100 % reclaimable it produces no waste, and eventually it is a good noise and heat dielectric.Thevaluesof thermic withdrawal are relatively good and they depend on the denseness of the nucleus and specific building. In some instances, the thermal demands determine the thickness of the panel that is needed. By make fulling the cells with other stuffs such as loose insulating material or froths so we can farther better the insularity values of the honeycomb.The distortion of the panels due to the different thermal and wet conditions was discovered to be about equal to the same order of as that of the panels that are made of plyboard which is glued to the wood frames while being insulated and have emphasiss moving on its faces. When the fire opposition of the honeycomb panels are compared to the about hollow panels with similar facings, it is significantly higher. While to farther increase the fire opposition, the cells are filled with foamed rosin.To the shapers of the merchandises such as furniture and doors the advantages of the sandwich building to them is clearly seeable and favourable. When builders and designers are interested in new edifice stuffs, the chief factors that are inquired are the strength of the stuff, opposition to fire, and the sum of thermic insularity that the honeycomb nucleus affords, how practical it is to utilize the sandwich buildings in edifices, and eventually the convenient beginnings of the sandwich panels. To roleplay forth the wavy or corr ugated type of the honeycomb, the channel or cell is made by organizing the paper in between the grooved axial rotations on the equipment that is used in the procedure of bring forthing the corrugated container board.The advantages and disadvantages that are unnatural to the building differs from each type of nucleus. This difference lies in many factors such as, the equipment that is needed for the production procedure, the restrictions in adhesives and rosins, strength of stuff, the changing trouble of accurate film editing, easiness of transportation, the thermic insularity belongingss, and many other factors. When the rosin and basal stuff intervention are mentioned, such jobs as the rosin, fibre, lastingness, and wet strength are significantly common to all types of nucleuss.By utilizing paper that is lighter in weight, we are able to cut down the cost of the initial stuff every bit good as cut downing the saturating rosin needed to make the construction based on a given volum e.The thermic insularity values of a honeycomb nucleus depended on the type of building and its denseness. Filling the cells with foamed-in-place rosin or with fill stuffs resulted in some betterment in the thermic insularity value. The lowest value obtained compared favourably with that of common mineral-wool merchandises.Paper honeycomb assemblies in one signifier or another are going more and more of import as nucleus stuffs in sandwich-type edifice panels. Light, strong, and stiff panels can be produced by adhering facings plyboard, chipboard, aluminium, or other sheet stuff to such lightweight nucleus stuffs.Research work on sandwich building has been carried on at the Forest Products laboratory for over 20 old ages. The early work was devoted to the development of high-strength, lightweight sandwich stuffs suited for aircraft application, and the finding of their technology belongingss. After World fight II, because of the increasing demand for edifice stuffs, the rules lear ned in probes of aircraft stuffs were modified to bring forth panels suited for edifice intents. For such applications, thermic insularity and lastingness became more of import and strength demands possibly lessened.It was evident early in the work on paper honeycomb nucleuss that, if they were to be used in panels where any great grade of thermic insularity was needed, it would be desirable to make full the cells of the honeycomb. In 1944, a few exploratory efforts were made to make full the cells of the honeycomb, and a phenolic rosin was successfully foamed into the honeycomb constructions. Cores were forced into blocks of balsa wood with small trouble. These few experiments indicated the possibility of make fulling the air infinites of the honeycomb construction when ameliorate insularity belongingss are needed.To utilize sandwich building in edifices erected in cold northern climes, it appears to be necessary to make full the cells to obtain insularity belongingss equivalent to those of conventional insulated building. In some instances, increasing the thickness of the nucleus stuff between the facings may be the most economical manner of bettering insularity belongingss in other instances it may non be practical.When sandwich building was foremost considered for constructing stuff in dividers and doors, its ability to absorb or convey sound was often questioned. Most of these panels would hold really small built-in sound absorbing belongingss because of the hard-surfaced facings and the low mass of the panels. These belongingss might be improved, nevertheless, by agencies of perforations in one of the fan out faces or by particular nucleus buildings.Paper can be converted to honeycomb nucleus in a figure of different ways. The expanded type is made by interspacing sheets of treated paper with parallel and uniformly spaced strips of adhesive and spread outing the assembly, after adhering, to organize a nucleus with hexangular cell subdivisions ( fig. 1, top ) . Another type is made by looping and adhering sheets of resin-treated paper to organize round cells stand foring a figure 8 in cross subdivision ( fig. 1, underside ) . From assemblies of sheets of corrugated paper, a figure of different nucleus buildings are besides possible, some easier than others to manufacture. Eight of such buildings are shown in figure 2. Most of the experiments reported herein were made with the corrugated nucleus.

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay

Crisis is a condition, which upsets the balance in the regular functioning of a person, family or a society in a destructive fashion and the situations croupe not be overcome through general riddle solving resources. Crisis conducts to a stressful situation, which is gener totallyy problematic to cope with, and engages proper and planned ways of intervention to be resolved. To understand crisis, a scenario can be discussed. In this case the person in crisis was a girlfriend of 13 years of age belonging to an Indian tribal family. She worked for a family as domestic avail.She was very thin and weak nevertheless extremely aggressive in nature. The person who identified her problem was the lady who employed her. The lady was a housewife from a well to do family. fit in to the lady, the girl started working at her place at the age of 11. She belonged to a topical anesthetic tribal family where girl tyke was not at all welcome. She had trio younger sisters and a br new(prenomi nal). Her p bents were working as daily laborers. Her father spent all the hard earned money to the local wine shop and her pay back found it extremely difficult to bide the family with her meager income.She sent her eldest daughter to work and earn money for the family. Not only that, her father use to beat her and her mother regularly for money. The girl was extremely malnourished and snubed and was used as a money earning machine. Her employer tried to send her to a rail but did not succeed as according to her family going to school was complete wastage of while. The problems of child labor, lack of education, gender bias, physical abuse, problem between parents all existed together in her life. This was not a typical case but a general picture in several poor backward sept families in India.The situation is treated as a crisis because the solution of all these problems was beyond the capacity of the little girl. She was the victim of the situation of chronic crisis in her family and was ineffective to cope with the situation. It was evident from her aggressive nature, attraction towards bad company, eagerness to shun her family, physical injuries and weakness, etc. She was a victim of breedingal crisis. Her parents unknowingly restricted the development of her physical and psychological health. Hailing from a poor tribal family only aggravated her situation.The social class she belonged to was not at all favorable to a girl child. They generally thought of them as family burden as the child was unable to earn for them and aft(prenominal) growing up was going to support another family after marriage. Lack of knowledge and education made them treat school education as wastage of time and money. Being a child the girl could not let the cat out of the bag her mind or was suppressed forcibly. Thus, she lacked education, was forced to work, losing her psychological balance and was growing to lead a cluttered and abusive life and may also run a problem for the society.Timely intervention at the time of crisis is the most important part in crisis intervention. In most of the cases of child abuse it is a great deal too late before the society comes to know about the occurrence and can take any action to save the child or get the damage. In this case as the event was of chronic crisis the intervention may start as soon as the crisis was identified. Here the child needed a support system either from family or outside. Her employer in this case could provide the support, which was lacking from her family. (Crisis Intervention in tike Abuse and Neglect)During crisis singles generally devour some common feelings that can affect psychological balance and produce impact on legal opinion and treatment of the crisis. These kinds of feelings and their reflection in life should not be treated as mental illness. In such conditions people may show disorganized and confusing behavior where they forget important details or practice inappro priate actions which were helpful in the past. They tend to confuse fear and wishes with reality. To cope with such disorganization they tend to be involved in insignificant activities.Crisis laden people may become hostile or emotionally distant from any sort of intervention. Some people act impetuously without thinking about the consequences and lead to more complex situation. People may depend completely on the person trying to help them in time of crisis, like in this case the child can depend on her employer and expect her to fill the gap created by her parents. Identity crisis, lower self-perception, and withdrawal are also observed as common behaviors. (Crisis Intervention in Child Abuse and Neglect)To intervene to the crisis, the assessment of the situation is the key point. Every individual or family responds to certain situations differently. Still it is necessary to assess the risk of abuse in the given situation. To assess the crisis it is required to consider each membe r of the family each as well as the part of the family. Listening to each members version of the crisis individually may help reach the root of the problem. restless and careful listening is the most important criterion of the crisis doer while assessing the crisis.Identifying the underlying problem and precipitating events, observing family interactions and conditions and determining the family needs carefully help assessing the risk to the family members accurately. The safety measures can be practiced accordingly especially for children. A few screening instruments may be helpful in this respect, namely, Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Child Maltreatment Interview Schedule, Family Assessment Form (FAF) and few Family Risk Scales. Training to use all such instruments can be very helpful for the crisis prole.Before terminating the service the crisis worker should be very sure that the risk factor has been removed completely and the child or other family members are totally saf e. All family members should be involved in each and every step of crisis assessment and intervention. Non-judgmental and open-minded crisis worker helps the family best in crisis assessment and intervention. S/he mustiness understand the social customs and family traditions and must convince the person or family in crisis that s/he came to listen to their problem and to help them in coping with the situation and not to accuse them.Lack of understanding or acceptance at either end may lead to more complicated circumstances. (Blakester) For successful crisis intervention the crisis worker first needs to understand the crisis thoroughly and needs to be competent enough to provide keen support to the victims. Crisis intervention is time limited. Therefore the crisis worker needs to set specific goals to make the intervention as a success. Like in the drink case it was not possible to solve all the family problems, which were the root causes of the childs crisis at a time.So the cris is worker should prioritize the problems to be solved. The worker can first try to make good rapport with the girl and the family of the girl and listen to the problems carefully. The family first needs to understand that their child is facing a crisis due to their behavior. This may help the girl as well as her family to accept his/ her intervention to solve the crisis. S/he can try to take chances out their actions to deal with the situation. The worker can try to find out the strength of the girl that can break her self esteem and her needs which need to be taken care of.Her familys potentials and requirement need also be assessed. The reasons behind the crisis can then be chalked out. Once the reasons are established, the worker can suggest alternative approaches which can motivate the child and her family to overcome the crisis. The crisis worker can then help them with the formulation of goals, objectives and actions based on their priorities. The actions must be achievable at first to increase the confidence of the family. To be successful the worker needs to be focused but at the aforementioned(prenominal) time compassionate and flexible to slight changes in goals.In this case, the family can first stop the physical abuse of the child. Then they can try to improve interpersonal relationship by listening to what the girl has to say. If possible they can help her with her needs and if not then try to make her see the reasons peacefully. They can spare her a little time for her education. Simultaneously, the girls father needs counseling to cope with his bad habit and be able to support his family. As the crisis worker finds the situation to improve s/he can reduce support slowly and observe the family if they can continue with their own.Follow up must always be done to motivate them to work positively. (Crisis Intervention in Child Abuse and Neglect) An event of successful crisis intervention in a child abuse case can be cited to conclude the discussi on on a positive note. Windale in the New South Wales Lake Macquarie field of Australia was declared the most socially disadvantaged participation of New South Wales in1999. All possible events of child abuse were present in the community. Percentage of child protection was only 1, the worst in New South Wales.(Blakester)Under these circumstances a community centre named Alcazar Centre was established there attached to the local primary school. The community centre initiated programs as below parenting classes the staged introduction of preschool-aged children to schools joint exercise and sociability groups for isolated mothers an Aboriginal health service and community nursing the identification of talented youngsters and provision of academic extension opportunities locally created scholarships and the Department of Housings relocation of some families to make schools more accessible the involvement of fathers in making various contributions to the life of the school and a general increased involvement by parents in school life a Shop Smart nutrition program improved street lighting, enabling safe travel at night, and a Windale welcome landmark, building community self-respect and the sponsorship of school and sporting needs by local businesses With regular work on the above programs Windale Primary School became the model of schools as community centres across whole New South Wales.The Alcazar Centre was given an Award for Excellence by the Director General of the NSW Department of Education and Training. Windale community proved that taproom of child abuse is possible with case specific approach and almost insignificant steps can altogether make the difference. The child protection in Windale community was found to reach 25%, being the best in New South Wales in 2003. (Blakester) Works Cited 1) Blakester, Adam, Practical child abuse and neglect prevention (Case Study 2), Child Abuse Prevention Newsletter, vol. 14 no.2 Winter 2006, Australia n Institute of Family Studies, National Child Protection clearing House, ISSN 1447-0039 (Print) 1447-0047 (Online), 13 June 2008, http//www. aifs. gov. au/nch/pubs/newsletters/nl2006/winter. html 2) Crisis Intervention in Child Abuse and Neglect, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Gentry, User Manual serial 1994, Circle Solutions, Inc. , McLean, VA, under subcontract No. S-105-89-1730 with Westover Consultants, Inc. , 12 June 2008,

Reseach Workoholics Essay

Is a 40-hour work week too much? Should there be a obligatory cap on the publication of hours a person can work? Should there be changes in employment laws to give Americans much relaxation duration? A workaholic definition is a noun a person who compulsively works hard and long hours. But the definition in a workaholics eyes is a person who values work over any other activity, according to careercast.com. Merriam-webster.com says its a compulsive worker (Productivity)The reasons for person to become a workaholic are some great deal dont feel their lives are fulfilled unless(prenominal) theyre engaged in constructive activities. The more they work, the happier they are. Its addictive. Where in the world can they be productive and reap the rewards of their labor but at their job? Workaholics cant be idle. They need to be perpetu tout ensembley working. Proving their value Children who were raised in dysfunctional families, or by perfectionist parents, and were made to feel like their best was never good enough can perplex up to be workaholics. Spending their adult lives immersed in their work is a way for them to constantly prove themselves and their worth. Escaping problems and negative sapiditys another reason why people become workaholics is because they lack a sense of control in their lives.They have problems at home they cant fix, or they dont extremity to deal with, for example. Being at work all the time allows them to escape painful, negative feelings. It also gives them a sense of control they cant fall out otherwise. Adrenaline rush working non-stop provides an adrenaline rush to some people. Being extremely busy, rushing to meet unrealistic goals, and pushing themselves beyond their limits gives them that intense feeling they crave. That same adrenaline rush- the increased heart rate, the burst of energy, the heightening of their senses- comes from roller coaster rides and other thrilling activities. In 1965, a U.S. Senate subcommittee pre dicted that as a result of change magnitude labor productivity from automation and cybernation in other words, the computer revolution.Americans would be working only about 20 hours a week by the year 2000, while taking seven weeks or more of vacation a year. By the mid-1970s, and especially after 1980, median wages werent property pace with increases in our capacity to produce. But flattening incomes didnt derail the consumption train. Americans continued to buy more, in part by going deeper into debt, by having more members of the family enter the workforce and by working additional overtime. By the boom times of the late 1990s, Americans worked more than the notoriously workaholic Japanese.To answer the question of limiting the number of hours you can work I think we would have a happier and healthier society if we worked a little less. As of right now, some jobs require a lot of time and energy. Legalizing mandating the number of hours worked is an interesting idea. It would s ee a drop in stress levels, more family time and participation and healthier workers. This probably wouldnt make too many people happy at first, though, and it would take some getting used to. It is a way to raise healthier families and having less levels of stress that are exhibited in really tough jobs, like ER doctors and nurses, and other highly stressful occupations.American work-life balance according to the Center for American Progress on the topic of work and family life balance, in 1960, only 20 percent of mothers worked. Today, 70 percent of American children live in households where all adults are employed. I dont care who stays home and who works in terms of gender (work opportunity equality for all its a family choice). Either way, when all adults are working (single or with a partner), thats a huge hit to the American family and free-time in the American household. The U.S. is the hardly country in the Americas without a national paid parental leave benefit. The aver age is over 12 weeks of paid leave anywhere other than atomic number 63 and over 20 weeks in Europe. Zero industrialized nations are without a mandatory option for new parents to take parental leave.That is, except for the United States. permits say someone make $60k/year. Excluding benefits, employee taxes, etc., lets consider this equivalent to $30/hour. ($30/hour x 40 hours x 50 weeks = $60k). Now they want to figure out the hourly number that he/she use to decide if its worth it to do something. For example, if he/she owe a fine on something he/she dont think they should owe, but its only a $5 fine, its not worth expenditure an hour ($30) to contest it. BUT, its not clear to me if he/she should use $30/hour for this number, because Im only working 8 hours/day. Like, if someone is willing to pay me for 40 hours/week at $30/hour, presumably he/she could get one or two more such jobs. Or should she/he divide that by 3 to get $10/hour because really for every 24 hours, theyre only able to earn $30/hour for a third of them? Because some of these activities he/she would be doing in my off-hours (e.g., theyd have to dispute that fine after work). Or is it something in in the midst of?

The Sociology of Health

The Sociology of Health The socio- checkup influence of wellness The socio-medical gravel of health foc commits on the social factors which effect an various(prenominal)s health and well- be. They c every up each mortal should be hardened in accordance to their own privateised circumstance and situation surrounding there complaint, rather than be tempered as a member of a sort out suffering from a busy unsoundness, and should be treated the selfsame(prenominal) as each person at heart that group. The socio-medical computer simulation concentrates on social factors contributing to the standards of health.Social inequality and living standards argon significant influences on the standards of health. The socio-medical mould suggests that the wealthy argon to a greater extent possible to rich person unafraid health and suffer from less sickness, and the poor are more likely to have bad health and suffer from more illnesses than the wealthy would. Things which cou ld be factors contributing to ill health within societies with poor living standards, jibe to the socio-medical lesson are damp or cold houses, need of exercise, poor diet, lack of education and health awareness etc.The socio-medical framework also suggests that the standards of health varies across variant cultures, and that what is considered an illness in one familiarity might be non be seen as an illness in an anformer(a)(prenominal) family. For example the contagious scramble ailment yaws was so common in sub-Saharan Africa early this century that it was non considered a disease at all, it was considered normal be bring forth most of the world had the disease. The socio-medical model speculates that some societies also treat hatful with an illness other than from other societies.For example Australia does not al baseborn anyone with HIV into the country, which is seen by most other countries as morally wrong and contrasts with the commission quite a little wit h HIV are treated in the majority of societies slightly the world. Time is another factor which the socio-medical model remembers influences the standards of health. For instance cigarettes were promoted as being positive over 60years ago, whereas today gage cigarettes is a well-known health threat.Socio-medical discussions for illnesses include looking at an individuals personalized situation, identifying the factors which have contributed to their illness or perturbation, and removing these factors in order to advance or resolve the problem. For example a young man who has gone bald, from a socio-medical point of view, would be assessed and factors in his life such(prenominal)(prenominal) as majuscule stress at work would be identified, this stress would be seen as the take in of his premature baldness, and they would try to help the man find a health way to vent his stress in order to improve his condition.The biomedical model would view this man in a different way, t hey would concentrate on genetic factors such as premature baldness in his father, and put this transport as the cause in contrast to the socio-medical model. The biomedical model of health The biomedical model emerged after the industrialisation of the western world. New scientific discoveries and methods were being utilise to produce a new model of health which used new technologies and tests such as x-rays, biopsies and electroencephalographs in order to monitor peoples health.These tests aim to show biologic malfunction or ir level(p)ity in order to call illnesses, which are then treated using biological methods such as drugs, operations, hospitalisation etc. (Ross Clarke, 2012). According to the biomedical model the individual is not responsible for their illness or condition, and think that illness is caused by a biological breakdown within the individual (this can be things such as infections, genetic malfunctions, broken bones and so on) or by away factors invading the body such as viruss and disease etc.They believe every single(a) illness has one single observable cause. (microphone Harris, 2008). The biomedical model believes that the cause for a certain illness in one person has the same cause of that illness in another person so all people with that illness should be put acrossn the same preachings, no individual cases are usually taken into account. (Ross Clarke, 2012). The biomedical model refers to good health as having no illness. If you have bad health you are considered to be ill, or to have an illness.Treatment is given with the aim of correcting a malfunction within the body and once this malfunction is corrected, you will be considered to be goodish again. (The plainspoken University, 2012). The biomedical model is the dominant model of health in the forward-looking western world. It treats illness and malfunction with the use of medication, operations, radio and chemo therapy, transplants etc. most socio-medical methods of treatment, however, are used alongside the biomedical model treatments, such as the use of therapy. (Unknown Author, 2012).The different approaches to intellectual health and illness Mental health and illness can be defined and viewed in many different ways according to many different factors including the models of disability, the culture, gender, social class, the time period, religion etc. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). The biomedical, or medical, model of health would describe kind illness in the same way they describe any other illness that it is caused by one single physical/genetic cause. This could be things such as genes passed down from your parents, a banish or bang to the head etc.They believe that symptoms are caused by a physical problem within the person or in the brain and they group these symptoms together in order to diagnose an illness or syndrome. The medical model uses two classification systems of mental illness in order to diagnose a patient. These two systems are the DSM IV and the ICD-10. The DSM identifies the patients symptoms in order to give a diagnosis for their disorder, while the ICD-10 not only identifies the disorder and relevant symptoms, but it also tries to identify a cause. Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. 1999). The medical model of mental health describes people with mental illnesses as victims of their disorder, they see them as being unable to control their own actions and place no blame on the patient. The medical model uses drugs and therapies in order to treat people with mental illness, these could be things such as antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant drugs, mood stabilisers, sectioning, institutionalisation, ECT (Electro flavourless therapy), psychosurgery etc. (Saul McLeod, 2008).The socio-medical models approach to mental health is a match contrast to that of the medical model. It believes that many of the treatments used by the biomedical model are inhumane and unnecessary, and that mental illness is a result of social and personal factors surrounding an individual, rather than as a result of a biological cause. The socio-medical model would use therapies such as CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), client-centred therapy, family interventions, self-help groups, social and individual skill skills sessions and vocational training.The therapies used by the socio-medical model aim to give cleverness into the patients personal problems which could be causing the mental illness, they aim to give the patient unconditional positive regard, boost egotism and confidence (which may be low imputable to the negative perceptions of mental illnesses in most societies) and try to promote an supreme life for the patient so that they can live in society safely, whilst still getting the attending and treatment they need from community carers etc. (Coppock and Dunn, 2009).They believe the society you live in, your quality of life and your social class has a great influence on an individuals mental he alth. They would say that collect to the financial stresses and low life quality of the lower classes, this would make them more likely to suffer from mental illness. They will use the client centred therapy to identify the personal problems in an individuals life such as marital problems, financial problems, problems in the work place etc. The socio-medical model believes that the medical model stigmatizes patients by treating all patients suffering from a particular mental illness the same.They believe that society has a negative perception of mentally ill people and that they should not be labelled as it is not their fault they are suffering from that condition. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). Besides the different medical models, there are also other approaches to the study of mental health. Sigmund Freud, and others who follow the psychodynamic theory, would say that mental illness is due to an unsuccessful completion of a psychosexual stage or due to a trauma in a persons childhood, and that bringing their unconscious mind thoughts to the surface of the conscious mind (using psychotherapy) will eliminate the problem. Unknown Author B, 2011). unalike time periods have also had different approaches to the study of mental illness. archaean this century, for example, people suffering from mental illness were seen as being inadequate to the counterpoise of society, a danger to their-selves and others and unable to live normally within society. They treated these people inhumanely, carrying out horrendous treatments which often resulted in patients becoming emotionless and zombified.Before the 1950s ECT was carried out without the use of anaesthetic, which was very painful and uncomfortable for the patient. round this time people with mental illnesses were being institutionalised on a regular basis, and by the mid 1950s there was a total of around 150,000 people across the UK in mental institutions. (BBC, 2010). People were institutionalised for a miscellany of different reasons, ranging from sufferers of depression, to violent outbursts (mostly among women) and then extreme things such as discharge or suicide attempts.These institutions at the time thought they were providing the best form of treatment for their patients, but people in more recent times think that the institutions had an unpleasant prison-like atmosphere and that they totally took away peoples rights, freedom, independence, social skills and self-esteem and confidence and that the treatments they used were unnecessary and inhumane. (BBC, 2010).In the late 1950s early 1960s a more humane approach started to be taken to the study of mental health. The start of the NHS in 1948 meant that mental health would now have a more modern and humane view from society, the NHS started to introduce new treatments and therapies in the asylums/institutions such as programmes of activity including craft and sewing classes ect, and also introduced an open-door policy, aiming to give the patients more independence and freedom.This new approach recognised that asylums were not necessary for all mentally ill patients and in 1961, a man named Enoch Powell tried to form societies vision of mental ill health and, as the health minister of the time, he vowed to close all mental asylums/institutions and to instead, release patients into society, providing treatment and care for them at home and in the community via community carers. (Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick, 2011). It wasnt until the 1970s however that people stopped being admitted into the asylums and still took until the 1980s for the first asylum to close.By 1990 100,000 patients had been released into society and mental hospitals started to become extinct. This was the start of care in the community for the mentally ill, as we know it today. (BBC, 2010). The modern approach to mental illness is that there could be a number of causes, whether that be genetic, organic, personal, social or a combination of e ither, and that sufferers should not be labelled, should not be considered abnormal and that they should be treated alone like any other normal member of society. Ross Clarke B, 2012). They should receive sufficient care via GP/hospital appointments, care in the community and by alternate(a) therapies such as family interventions, self-help groups etc. User movements have also quite lately been introduced, this is a system which encourages the patient to work with a professional such as a doctor/psychiatrist to help choose the treatments they receive in order to make them feel more in control of their illness or disorder and to help them feel more confidence that the chosen treatment will work. BBC, 2010). People with mental illnesses are no longer stigmatised or labelled and a majority of the western world have now original mental illness as a genuine problem which necessitate to be solved, rather than seeing it as a condition which needs to be locked away from society like in the early 50s. References Mike Harris. (2008). Sociology of health and illness. open http//www. slideshare. net/Bias22/sociology-of-health-and-illness-presentationbtnNext farthermost Accessed 06/12/2012Unknown Author. (2012). What is the biomedical model? on tap(predicate) http//www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-biomedical-model. htm final Accessed 06/12/2012 Ross Clarke. (2012). Booklet 3 the different constructions of health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012 The Open university. (2012). Models of healthcare the biomedical model. Available http//openlearn. open. ac. uk/mod/oucontent/view. php? id=398060§ion=1. 6 Last Accessed 06/12/2012 Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. (1999).Classification in psychiatry ICD-10 versus DSM-IV. The British Journal of Psychiatry. v. 174. no. 1. p. 3 4 Ross Clarke B. (2012). Booklet 4 approaches to the study of mental health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012. Saul McLeod. (2008). The medical model. Available http//www. simpl ypsychology. org/medical-model. hypertext mark-up language Last Accessed 06/12/2012. Coppock and Dunn. (2009). Understanding mental health and mental distress. Available http//www. sagepub. com/upm-data/30675_02_Coppock_&_Dunn_Ch_01. df Last Accessed 06/12/2012. Unknown Author B. (2011). Psychology 101. Available http//allpsych. com/psychology101/personality. html Last Accessed 06/12/2012. BBC (2010). BBC4 video mental history of the mad house. Last Accessed 27/11/2012. Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick. (2011). Mental institutions, Enoch Powell and community care. Available http//www. communitycare. co. uk/blogs/social-care-the-big-picture/2011/09/mental-institutions-enoch-powell-and-community-care. html Last Accessed 06/12/2012.The Sociology of HealthThe Sociology of Health The socio-medical model of health The socio-medical model of health focuses on the social factors which effect an individuals health and well-being. They believe each person should be treated in accordance to their own personal circumstance and situation surrounding there illness, rather than be treated as a member of a group suffering from a particular illness, and should be treated the same as each person within that group. The socio-medical model concentrates on social factors contributing to the standards of health.Social inequality and living standards are important influences on the standards of health. The socio-medical model suggests that the wealthy are more likely to have good health and suffer from less illness, and the poor are more likely to have bad health and suffer from more illnesses than the wealthy would. Things which could be factors contributing to ill health within societies with poor living standards, according to the socio-medical model are damp or cold houses, lack of exercise, poor diet, lack of education and health awareness etc.The socio-medical model also suggests that the standards of health varies across different cultures, and that what is considered an illness in one society might be not be seen as an illness in another society. For example the contagious skin disease yaws was so common in sub-Saharan Africa early this century that it was not considered a disease at all, it was considered normal because most of the population had the disease. The socio-medical model thinks that some societies also treat people with an illness differently from other societies.For example Australia does not allow anyone with HIV into the country, which is seen by most other countries as morally wrong and contrasts with the way people with HIV are treated in the majority of societies around the world. Time is another factor which the socio-medical model believes influences the standards of health. For instance cigarettes were promoted as being positive over 60years ago, whereas today smoking cigarettes is a well-known health threat.Socio-medical treatments for illnesses include looking at an individuals personal situation, identifying the factors wh ich have contributed to their illness or disorder, and removing these factors in order to correct or resolve the problem. For example a young man who has gone bald, from a socio-medical point of view, would be assessed and factors in his life such as great stress at work would be identified, this stress would be seen as the cause of his premature baldness, and they would try to help the man find a health way to vent his stress in order to improve his condition.The biomedical model would view this man in a different way, they would concentrate on genetic factors such as premature baldness in his father, and put this forward as the cause in contrast to the socio-medical model. The biomedical model of health The biomedical model emerged after the industrialisation of the western world. New scientific discoveries and methods were being used to produce a new model of health which used new technologies and tests such as x-rays, biopsies and electroencephalographs in order to monitor peop les health.These tests aim to show biological malfunction or irregularity in order to diagnose illnesses, which are then treated using biological methods such as drugs, operations, hospitalisation etc. (Ross Clarke, 2012). According to the biomedical model the individual is not responsible for their illness or condition, and think that illness is caused by a biological breakdown within the individual (this can be things such as infections, genetic malfunctions, broken bones and so on) or by external factors invading the body such as viruss and disease etc.They believe every single illness has one single observable cause. (Mike Harris, 2008). The biomedical model believes that the cause for a certain illness in one person has the same cause of that illness in another person so all people with that illness should be given the same treatments, no individual cases are usually taken into account. (Ross Clarke, 2012). The biomedical model refers to good health as having no illness. If y ou have bad health you are considered to be ill, or to have an illness.Treatment is given with the aim of correcting a malfunction within the body and once this malfunction is corrected, you will be considered to be healthy again. (The Open University, 2012). The biomedical model is the dominant model of health in the modern western world. It treats illness and malfunction with the use of medication, operations, radio and chemo therapy, transplants etc. Some socio-medical methods of treatment, however, are used alongside the biomedical model treatments, such as the use of therapy. (Unknown Author, 2012).The different approaches to mental health and illness Mental health and illness can be defined and viewed in many different ways according to many different factors including the models of disability, the culture, gender, social class, the time period, religion etc. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). The biomedical, or medical, model of health would describe mental illness in the same way they d escribe any other illness that it is caused by one single physical/genetic cause. This could be things such as genes passed down from your parents, a bump or bang to the head etc.They believe that symptoms are caused by a physical problem within the person or in the brain and they group these symptoms together in order to diagnose an illness or syndrome. The medical model uses two classification systems of mental illness in order to diagnose a patient. These two systems are the DSM IV and the ICD-10. The DSM identifies the patients symptoms in order to give a diagnosis for their disorder, while the ICD-10 not only identifies the disorder and relevant symptoms, but it also tries to identify a cause. Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. 1999). The medical model of mental health describes people with mental illnesses as victims of their disorder, they see them as being unable to control their own actions and place no blame on the patient. The medical model uses drugs and therapies in o rder to treat people with mental illness, these could be things such as antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant drugs, mood stabilisers, sectioning, institutionalisation, ECT (Electro compulsive therapy), psychosurgery etc. (Saul McLeod, 2008).The socio-medical models approach to mental health is a total contrast to that of the medical model. It believes that many of the treatments used by the biomedical model are inhumane and unnecessary, and that mental illness is a result of social and personal factors surrounding an individual, rather than as a result of a biological cause. The socio-medical model would use therapies such as CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), client-centred therapy, family interventions, self-help groups, social and individual learning skills sessions and vocational training.The therapies used by the socio-medical model aim to give insight into the patients personal problems which could be causing the mental illness, they aim to give the patient unconditional posi tive regard, boost self-esteem and confidence (which may be low due to the negative perceptions of mental illnesses in most societies) and try to promote an independent life for the patient so that they can live in society safely, whilst still getting the care and treatment they need from community carers etc. (Coppock and Dunn, 2009).They believe the society you live in, your quality of life and your social class has a great influence on an individuals mental health. They would say that due to the financial stresses and low life quality of the lower classes, this would make them more likely to suffer from mental illness. They will use the client centred therapy to identify the personal problems in an individuals life such as marital problems, financial problems, problems in the work place etc. The socio-medical model believes that the medical model stigmatizes patients by treating all patients suffering from a particular mental illness the same.They believe that society has a negat ive perception of mentally ill people and that they should not be labelled as it is not their fault they are suffering from that condition. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). Besides the different medical models, there are also other approaches to the study of mental health. Sigmund Freud, and others who follow the psychodynamic theory, would say that mental illness is due to an unsuccessful completion of a psychosexual stage or due to a trauma in a persons childhood, and that bringing their unconscious thoughts to the surface of the conscious mind (using psychotherapy) will eliminate the problem. Unknown Author B, 2011). Different time periods have also had different approaches to the study of mental illness. Early this century, for example, people suffering from mental illness were seen as being inadequate to the rest of society, a danger to their-selves and others and unable to live normally within society. They treated these people inhumanely, carrying out horrendous treatments which often resulted in patients becoming emotionless and zombified.Before the 1950s ECT was carried out without the use of anaesthetic, which was very painful and uncomfortable for the patient. Around this time people with mental illnesses were being institutionalised on a regular basis, and by the mid 1950s there was a total of around 150,000 people across the UK in mental institutions. (BBC, 2010). People were institutionalised for a variety of different reasons, ranging from sufferers of depression, to violent outbursts (mostly among women) and then extreme things such as murder or suicide attempts.These institutions at the time thought they were providing the best form of treatment for their patients, but people in more recent times think that the institutions had an unpleasant prison-like atmosphere and that they totally took away peoples rights, freedom, independence, social skills and self-esteem and confidence and that the treatments they used were unnecessary and inhumane. (BBC, 2010) .In the late 1950s early 1960s a more humane approach started to be taken to the study of mental health. The start of the NHS in 1948 meant that mental health would now have a more modern and humane view from society, the NHS started to introduce new treatments and therapies in the asylums/institutions such as programmes of activity including craft and sewing classes ect, and also introduced an open-door policy, aiming to give the patients more independence and freedom.This new approach recognised that asylums were not necessary for all mentally ill patients and in 1961, a man named Enoch Powell tried to change societies vision of mental ill health and, as the health minister of the time, he vowed to close all mental asylums/institutions and to instead, release patients into society, providing treatment and care for them at home and in the community via community carers. (Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick, 2011). It wasnt until the 1970s however that people stopped being admitted into the asylums and still took until the 1980s for the first asylum to close.By 1990 100,000 patients had been released into society and mental hospitals started to become extinct. This was the start of care in the community for the mentally ill, as we know it today. (BBC, 2010). The modern approach to mental illness is that there could be a number of causes, whether that be genetic, organic, personal, social or a combination of either, and that sufferers should not be labelled, should not be considered abnormal and that they should be treated just like any other normal member of society. Ross Clarke B, 2012). They should receive sufficient care via GP/hospital appointments, care in the community and by alternative therapies such as family interventions, self-help groups etc. User movements have also quite recently been introduced, this is a system which encourages the patient to work with a professional such as a doctor/psychiatrist to help choose the treatments they receive in o rder to make them feel more in control of their illness or disorder and to help them feel more confidence that the chosen treatment will work. BBC, 2010). People with mental illnesses are no longer stigmatised or labelled and a majority of the western world have now accepted mental illness as a genuine problem which needs to be solved, rather than seeing it as a condition which needs to be locked away from society like in the early 50s. References Mike Harris. (2008). Sociology of health and illness. Available http//www. slideshare. net/Bias22/sociology-of-health-and-illness-presentationbtnNext Last Accessed 06/12/2012Unknown Author. (2012). What is the biomedical model? Available http//www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-biomedical-model. htm Last Accessed 06/12/2012 Ross Clarke. (2012). Booklet 3 the different constructions of health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012 The Open university. (2012). Models of healthcare the biomedical model. Available http//openlearn. open. ac. uk /mod/oucontent/view. php? id=398060§ion=1. 6 Last Accessed 06/12/2012 Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. (1999).Classification in psychiatry ICD-10 versus DSM-IV. The British Journal of Psychiatry. v. 174. no. 1. p. 3 4 Ross Clarke B. (2012). Booklet 4 approaches to the study of mental health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012. Saul McLeod. (2008). The medical model. Available http//www. simplypsychology. org/medical-model. html Last Accessed 06/12/2012. Coppock and Dunn. (2009). Understanding mental health and mental distress. Available http//www. sagepub. com/upm-data/30675_02_Coppock_&_Dunn_Ch_01. df Last Accessed 06/12/2012. Unknown Author B. (2011). Psychology 101. Available http//allpsych. com/psychology101/personality. html Last Accessed 06/12/2012. BBC (2010). BBC4 video mental history of the mad house. Last Accessed 27/11/2012. Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick. (2011). Mental institutions, Enoch Powell and community care. Available http//www. communitycar e. co. uk/blogs/social-care-the-big-picture/2011/09/mental-institutions-enoch-powell-and-community-care. html Last Accessed 06/12/2012.

Critical inquiry in Practical Nursing Essay

gesture 1- According to Kerr et al (2012), the purpose of the study is to examine the nurses opinions on the introduction of a medical administrative to the enrolled nurses and its trespass in the error rate of music.Question 2- The authors rationale was to-To examine nurses opinions on enrolled medical administration-To analyze whether the enrolled nurses introduction effects of the medication error in organizations.Question 3- Quantitative, experimental.Question 4-The sample used was the different types of nurses who answered gestures online at the website of the organization. The selected lot answers specific questions in a questionnaire related to the topic of discussion.Question 5-a)Descriptive b)InferentialQuestion 6-EducationQuestion 7-Demographic data Response to nurses survey items Rates of medication errors- Collected within twelve monthsQuestion 8-Survey question regarding support for administration of medications by suitable ENsRN SupportiveIn %RN Non-SupportiveIn %S tatistically Significant?73.8%,26.2%Yes / NoSurvey question measuring positive changeEN SupportiveIn nEN non-supportiveIn nStatistically Significant?73.626.4Yes / NoSurvey question regarding the level of education for ENs who administer medicationsENME SupportiveIn %ENME Non-SupportiveIn %Statistically Significant?73.726.3%Yes / NoQuestion 9- Population 118, 268-256, 302Question 10- It is true to say that A significant result (p=0.265, p

Character, Nature, Spatial Distribution of World Cities Essay

The nature character and spatial distribution of terra firma cities Increasing globularisation has had major impacts on the public urban system. As a result a group of cities has emerged as key nodes in the fundamental law and functioning of the world, known as terra firma Cities. being cities, such as London and New York argon a product of cultural and sparing globalisation and act as nodal points for the multiplicity of linkages and interconnections that prevail the functioning of the world economy. These cities dumbfound developed distinct characteristics as a result of their dynamic nature, and argon spatially distributed around the world.NatureThe emergence of World cities has been due to the globalisation of economical activity, which involves the development of stronger links between various countries. There has been a great acceleration in globalisation and the growth of world cities due toTechnologic development in transport and communication Deregulation of trade and financial markets The emergence of and role played by Trans National Corporations (TNCs) New ways of undergoing business operations and economic activity Emergence of a global market for lifestyle related commoditiesThis process of globalisation and the growth of world cities have had a number of impactsEconomic restructuring A rapid expansion in world trade and relocation of labour intensive manufacturing processes to developing nations (megacities) with cheaper labour. World cities atomic number 18 emerging from the internationalisation of economic activity. TNCs are a key player in this rapid expansion as they have an increase in economic influence not only deciding what to produce but where to produce and distribute it.Spatial restructuring patterns in developed areas the shift from residential and commercial enthronement in suburbs to higher-cost inner city housing and edge cities or technoburbs which are distinct urban nodes with larger metropolitan areas. This often targets low income areas which pushes low income good deal further away from these nodes.Social restructuring patterns in developed areas- Urban societies have become more polarised with greater amounts of poverty and wealth. The middle manikin is stagnating in damage of wealth although there is a splitting into a lower middle class with low paid service sector jobs and an upper middle class who are multiskilled such as in the information based industries. The industrial work class is declining in living standards. The outcome of this restructuring is an increase in disagreement in terms of social advantages and disadvantages.CharacterWorld cities are nodes in the global economy which hold national and international significance due to their economic and cultural influence World cities possess this economic and cultural authority through various characteristics described below.Economic-They are command points in the organisation of the global economy -Key locations for a full ra nge of financial services -Markets for a vast range of goods and servicesCultural-Existence of social infrastructure that facilitates nexus between people face-to-face -A centre for a range of cultural facilities -Provides the opportunity to live a distinctive cultural lifestyleSpatial disseminationWorld cities are spatially dispersed, mainly across the developed world, yet globally integrated through systems of exchange and production. Within the global network of world cities exist several sub systemsWestern European subsystem centred on London and Paris. This contains the highest concentration of world cities as it is the it is the initial site of the industrial revolution leading to the interconnection of these cities to each other.North American subsystem- centred on New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. This is the second largest concentration of world cities as its industrial revolution led to it being a leading manufacturing region of the world and hence the leading servic e region of the world.Asian subsystem- centred on Tokyo, Singapore and more recently Shanghai. The Asian world cities almost importantly connect regional manufacturing areas such as India and China through Mumbai and Shanghai various(prenominal)ly into the world economy. Other centres such as Tokyo, Seoul and Hong Kong are also world cities due to their past industrialisation following World war II.Southern Hemisphere- linked by Sydney, Johannesburg and Sao Paulo. The southern hemisphere is largely precipitous as much of South America and Africa is still in a developing state but key cities such as Sydney and Sao Paulo connect the respective regions of Australia and Brazil into the global economy.Due to continued globalisation, a number of projected spatial trends also existAn increase in African cities into a global network whitethorn be seen in the future. Africa is a resource rich area, especially in raw minerals and it also has a large population available. These areas are c urrently marginalised from the global system as there is a lack of infrastructure which allows for the expansion of these economies on a global scale. Despite this marginalisation they do still have connectivity to Europe exporting goods such as oil.A shift of power to Asian cities- The Asian region has been industrialising since the end of World War II and cities such as Tokyo have major connectivity and influence as world cities. The economic growth seen areas such as China and India may lead to a high concentration of world cities in this region and a shift in global cultural and economic power.An increase in South American cities into the global network. Through countries such as Brazil, which has maintained GDP growth rates of around 10%, as well as this other countries have regional importance which can be linked to the global network through cities such as Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires.An increase in fondness East cities into the global network. Countries such as the United Ara b Emirates have sustained high economic growth rates due to oil exportation which has then been invested into infrastructure such as for tourism. An example of this is in Dubai with major investment in hotels.This new system of world cities based on the presences of information-based activities is an essential let out of the global hierarchy.

The Adventures of Lewis Carroll’s Alice

From a young age Charles Dodgsons amicableness for writing was already made app arnt. He had made several contributions to some national publications in England as well as to two local publications in Oxford (Karoline 31). It was in one of his contributions to the latter where he used the pseudonym by which he would be remembered Lewis Carroll. It took some time before Carroll finally came stunned with a published version of his manuscript for Alice in Wonderland. Among other things Carroll was likewise a mathematician and a deacon in his church (Collingwood 22-23).These occupations contributed to the delay in publication of the classic narrative of Alice. After its release and widespread acclaim however, it wasnt long before Carroll published its sequel, Through the feeling Glass. The two texts make up been popularized as childrens literature. However, closer analyses by critics have brought forth a string of explanations accounting for the uncommon descriptions and images in the texts. Regardless of the circumstances surrounding the creation of the stories, it can non be denied that the same were written for the enjoyment and benefit of children.Controversies adjoin Alice The zeitgeist during the release of Alice in Wonderland was one of drug abuse resistance and a counter-culture of dependence on psychoactive substances. Such an air led scholars to deconstruct the text based on the prevalent norms in society. It was golden for scholars to continue Alices mushroom-eating and herb-use to regular pot sessions. Some scholars have claimed that the imageries in the tier are akin(predicate) to the hallucinations experienced when under the influence of addictive substances.From these factual circumstances arose the belief that Carroll himself was under the influence at the time that he wrote the text or that he was a habitual user. However, there is no shew to show that at any(prenominal) point in his life Carroll was involved in drug abuse. in that location is evidence to support however that Carroll may have been ill thus prompting the hyperbolic descriptions in Alice in Wonderland and its sequel. It was observed that Carroll documented suffering from severe migraines which intimately often affected the ill mortal by skewing his or her perspective, much(prenominal) as making objects appear bigger then they actually were (Carroll 52).It is surmised that Lewis Carroll suffered from such(prenominal)(prenominal) an affliction all his life and thus the vivid imagery in his popular texts. The disease has today become popularly make don as the Alice in Wonderland Syndrome or, medically, micropsia and macropsia. This is a neurological disease which affects visual lore in humans ca exploitation illusions in surface, shape and color (Cinibis and Aysun 316). Some scholars have attributed the creativity in Carrolls text to the fact that he was ailing from this disease.As regards the text Through the Looking Glass, critics have un animously categorized the same as nonsense literature. It is not hard to imagine why, what with the texts deconstructionism of norms and the topsy turvy manner by which the text upends unquestioned customs such as telling time for example. more(prenominal) than than anything however, the text is a clear presentation on a play of words and wit. The Real Alice The maiden and strongest argument that Carrolls stories were written simply for children to enjoy is an inspection of the life of Carroll. It has already been mentioned that Carroll was a deacon in his church.This paved the way to his acquaintance with a little girl who sparked the creation of his childrens masterpiece. In her text, The Real Alice, Clarks shows that sometime in 1855 Carroll met the Liddell family whose head, enthalpy Liddell, was the dean of Christ Church in Oxford. Because of his acquaintance with Henry Liddell, Carroll in turn became acquainted with Henrys children. Alice Liddell was one of three girls bel onging to the Liddell family. Carroll was quite fond of children and he often took the Liddell children to picnics and boat rides where he regaled the children with stories and make-believes.It was on one such occasion that Alice asked Carroll to tell them a story and the ensuing tale is what is known today as Alice in Wonderland. Although Carroll had told the children other stories prior to this event one, the difference this time was that Alice Liddell had asked him to write down the story for her. Several pieces of evidence show that indeed Alice Liddell was the model, or at least the inspiration, for Carrolls Alice. One of the strongest proofs is that Carroll actually dedicated the book to Alice Liddell thus demonstrating that Alice played a part in its completion.If it were unadulteratedly a sign of the close kinship that he shared with the Liddell children, then Carroll should have dedicated the book to all of them and not just to one in particular. Moreover, a poetry in T hrough the Looking Glass reveals an acrostic spelling out the appellation of Alice Pleasance Liddell. Although Carroll himself admitted using acrostics to spell out the names of young ladies with whom he was acquainted, the appearance of Alice Liddells name in some(prenominal) his books is quite large.No other acquaintance of his was mentioned in twain Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass. Certainly it was more than just the similarity in names of his friend and his protagonist that prompted him to spell out Alices name in the sequel of his story. There is also evidence showing that Carroll set the story on dates significant to Alice Liddell. The first story was set on May 4, Alices birthday, and the second story was set on November 4, Alices half-birthday (Wikipedia Alice Liddell). Carroll certainly went out of his way to allude to such significant dates in both his stories.Furthermore, when the pretended Alice stated her age it reflected the actual age Alice Lidd ell would have been at that time. Certainly that too could not have been mere coincidence. Although Carroll denied any association between his writings and Alice Liddell, the subtle hints that he planted in the story speak for themselves. A possible cause for the denial might have been the intrigue that eventually followed his paint a picture relationships with children. Karoline Leach first raised such a point in her book, In the Shadow of a Dreamchild, when she attempted to deconstruct the Carroll Myth.In essence, Leach insinuated pedophilia by observing that the relationship Carroll maintained with young girls was unnatural. Of course, with the tiptop and popularity that Carroll had attained, such statements, though founded with as much proof as other accepted historical facts regarding Carroll, were hotly contested and rebutted. This is not to say however that they have been debunked as such is not the case. Regardless of the relationship between Alice Liddell and Carroll, it is uncontested that the first book was dedicated to Alice Liddell while she was still a young child.Above any other proof of motivation, this clear manifestation of intent reflects that the story of Alice in Wonderland was written for the fancies of children. It necessarily follows consequently that its sequel also catered to childrens delights. A Journey into Wonderland Apart from the biographical setting, one may also look at the fictional setting which Carroll developed. The story starts out with a random romp in the woods with a little girls closest companion, her pet. It is a tardy day and, upon move into the rabbit hole, Alice settles herself in a refreshing change of scenery.The situation is not unlike the many dull summers days wherein children are wont to play make-believe. Wonderland itself is a crayon enlargement of pictures that are commonly drawn by children. The different colored trees and stark colors worn by the divisions, both on their clothes and on their furs , shows a childs easy use of colors. The scenery in itself has a nursery rhyme quality around it reflecting the target audition it was written for. The contrast in colors is very much the same manner by which children view the earth.It is only the adult-world that defines colors by hues of black, gray, and khaki. Such a variety of colors as is seen in Alices adventures is the world of young children. The mere fact that children often like to reverse colors in their portrayals of the world around them shows that they enjoy such mismatches. This only serves to reveal the delight they must have felt to have been launched alongside Alice into a world filled with mixtures of colors. Furthermore, the skewed perception of size of objects was entirely in line with the perspective of small children.For children, size is magnified in proportion with their own size. More so, size is magnified in proportion to their apprehensiveness of the utility of a particular object. Take for example the larger-than-life portrayal of the chess board pieces. The gritty of chess is a game of knowledge and of skill. It is not unlikely therefore that a child would find such a game taxing, particularly so when he or she is extra to enjoy the free terrain of nature. Another such example is found in the upturning of the concept of time telling in the story.One of the close difficult things to teach a child is how to tell time. The importance of the long conk, the short hand, and the second hand are sheer mysteries to a child who needs only to keep track whether or not it is night or day outside. The mockery of timepieces in the story is entirely in line with such difficulty. The concept may be refreshing to adult readers but it also allows child readers to completely relate with the story. Apart from the setting, Carrolls use of computer addresss already familiar to children showed that the story was indeed intended for them.The characters Tweedledee and Tweedledum for example, jump honest out of the nursery rhyme to meet Alice in her adventure. This is very significant because to no other audience would these two characters hold strong bearing than to children. The language used in the story is also broody of the genre for which the texts were intended. To most the language is mere nonsense. But the play of words, particularly in Through the Looking Glass, presents so much more than just play. The manner in which Carroll communicates his feelings with non-words is reflective of the way children themselves attempt to enunciate themselves to adults.For example, in the poem Jabberwocky, Carroll uses the combination of words and the emotions evoked by non-words to paint out a story for his audience. Such mixture of words to exhibit a new feeling or thought is most often observed in children who, for lack of vocabulary, resort to such splicing when the need arises. Furthermore, children often score meaning from the feelings that a particular word arouses in t hem, particularly so when they dont know the meaning of the word. The use of language in the two stories is a play on such psychology of children.Finally, the variety of sounds that Carroll brings to life in his stories presents good exercise for childrens linguistic abilities. The spectrum of sounds that his stories present is good preparation ground for improved diction and muscle memory for his young readers. Finally, let us examine Alice herself. Alices disposition is that of an obedient young girl who is both shocked and amused by the play of the characters she meets. Alice presents the character of a child who has learned to believe the teachings of her elders without fully understanding why she should do so.This very character of Alice persists from her falling into the rabbit hole to her arguing against the disruption of norms. Yet every time that Alice is forced to apologize her stands, she finds herself running out of thoughts and words. Such blind obedience is common i n children, particularly those starting study but not yet fully beingness taught about the concepts behind the lessons being learned. It is argued that Alices adventures had a darker undertone to it, with Alice finding each of her hopes being crushed throughout the story.However, such an observation does not synthesis the fact that Alices story still holds for the benefit of child readers. If nothing more, such an undertone elevates Alices story to apply even to young adults. It seems that Alices realization that her fantasies and dreams are not always in line with reality and therefore must be discarded shows a coming of age home in the story. As with most coming of age stories, it is not uncommon that adults themselves find the issues they face being addressed.However, the benefit that children may derive from the story is not undermined because the issues portrayed are particularly addressed to the ones that they themselves face. A Childs Wonderland Scholars have applied the themes present in the stories to everyday life of more rise audiences. Moreover, numerous criticisms have been aimed at Carrolls stories reflecting them to be no more than the products of a hallucinating mind. in spite of these judgments regarding the source of the idea of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, it cannot be denied that both pieces have had a direful impact on its young readers.There is no doubt that these stories were created primarily for the enjoyment of children and for their beneficial understanding. This intention is the focal key in understanding the disjointed world that Lewis Carroll painted. To most adults and to the scholarly world, an in-depth analysis of the text was needed, particularly so when considering the intellect and the capacity of the man who rendered the same. But it is undeniable that the very reason why Alices Adventures are still loved today is borne of a deep affiliation between children and Alice herself.Carrolls motion pi cture of Alice and her Wonderland embodies the make-believe world that children often find themselves voiceless to express. In his masterpiece, Carroll is not only able to express the world of a child but he is able to impact the viewpoints of adults as well. Works Cited Alice Liddell. Wikipedia The fire Encyclopedia. April 2008. 16 April 2008 . Carroll, Lewis. The Diaries of Lewis Carroll. London The Lewis Carroll Society, 1993-2007. Carroll, Lewis. The Complete, Fully Illustrated Works.New York Gramercy Books, 1995. Cinibis, M. , and Aysun, S. Alice in Wonderland syndrome as an initial manifestation of Epstein-Barr virus infection. British daybook of Ophthalmology, 76, 316, 1992. Clark, Anne. The Real Alice. New York Stein And Day, 1982. Cohen, Morton N. Lewis Carroll A Biography. London Macmillan, 1995. Collingwood, Stuart D. The Life and Letters of Lewis Carroll. London T. Fisher Unwin, 1898. Leach, Karoline. In the Shadow of the Dreamchild A New Understanding of Lewis Carrol l. London Peter Owen Publishers, 1999.