Rhetorical Analysis of President Woodrow Wilsons War Message free essay sample

As he sat down to compose his congressional address proposing war, the uncertainty of his decision overwhelmed him. He confided too member of his cabinet, Frank Cob, that he had never been as unsure about anything In his life as he judgment he was making for the nation (Baker 506). Through a rhetorical analysis of Willows points of argumentation and his style in the presentation to the war congress, we can gain a better understanding of the presidents purpose tons only convince the Congress that American belligerency in the final stages of the war would indefinitely shorten it and provide him with the opportunity to organize the peace for Europe as well as the rest of the world (Farrell b but to sway the American peoples opinion to one of norm-isolationism, to warn Germans government that America loud ultimately wield a powerful sword to deny them victory (Parsons 2), to compel German citizens to relinquish the submarine attacks and negotiate peace and his terms (Parsons 2), and to calm his own uncertainty about his decision. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of President Woodrow Wilsons War Message or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The need for Willows speech and the current mindset of the American public were a direct result of a succession of antagonistic events In Europe that were rapidly effecting the united States.As the task of remaining neutral became Increasingly unfeasible due to numerous Insults by the British and German governments, Wilson was forced to haft his foreign policy into a more internationalist scope, a path which the majority of Americans failed to follow (Borer 791). The same man who was reelected in 1916 on the platform he kept us out of war, who delivered the peace without victory speech, who urged his country to remain neutral in action as well as in thought was now asking Congress to approve American entry into the war. As President Wilson confronted the nation on the evening of April 2, 1917, he presented a case of past offenses coupled with present circumstances In hopes of providing a more effective case for leading America into war (Blakely, 2). He employed antecedent- consequen ce throughout the beginning of his address to warrant his call for belligerency.By recapitulating the events of German abomination as seen most profoundly in the sinking of united States vessels, Wilson let the record speak for itself. He appealed to the sense of compassion In his audience with the mention of hospital ships as ships carrying lad to the stricken people of Belgium ,have been sunk with the same reckless lack of concern or principle (Baker 510) It was these hard-hitting charges of outrage and insult by Germany that stirred Willows sterner (Baker 514). He continued to relate events of the past to his present standpoint by admitting that he was at first unable to believe that such things could be done by any government (Safari 110), but as American lives were unjustly taken international law and had declared war against mankind (Baker 510).This war against mankind Wilson defined as the intent of German submarines to take the lives of innocent, uninvolved citizens, whose activities, being supplying aid to bereaved nations or exporting goods on merchant ships, have always been deemed s inoffensive and legitimate pursuits, by no means worthy of assault (Safari 1 11). Wilson contrasted the British interfere nce with neutral trade as slight compared to the immediate and intense conflict with Germany over submarine warfare, illustrated by the comment Property can be paid for; the lives of peaceful and innocent people cannot be (Safari 111). The President went on to offer another definition in hopes of Justifying his call to war.He labeled the conflict as a war against all nations exemplifying the distress that other countries have experienced due to the unbiased and relentless bombing of their own neutral ships (Safari 111). By associating the United States with other friendly countries who are also at odds with Germany, Willows cry for war seemed more convincing. He went on to assert that the choice made by the U. S must be befitting to the singular characteristics of the country and that they must be very clear what their motives upon entry into the war were: not vengeance or profession of physical might, but to defend the principles of peace and Justice and to set up amongst the free people of the world an observance of these ideals (Safari 113).We were entering the war not to battle with the German people, but to combat a greater menace, the system that had impended these violations (Baker 512). The president proce eded with regard to his stance on neutrality. Aware of pacifists like Henry Cabot Lodge in the audience, Wilson appealed to those who had not forgotten his promises of keeping America out of war. He admitted that his assumption that armed neutrality would be adequate in safeguarding his people from unlawful violence was in fact impossible and he had failed to assert our neutral rights with arms, our right to use the seas against unlawful interference, our right to keep our people safe against unlawful violence (Safari 111).Wilson delivered this phrase with the use of the collective pronoun our which worked to give the illusion that the country was united on this war resolution (Safari 109). The president continued to refute his previous position by pointing out that it is nearly impossible for neutral ships to defend themselves on the open sea without subscribing to the same inhumane measures the Germans have employed,destroying ships before they reveal their intention. The position of armed neutrality has worked only to produc e what it was meant to reverent, claimed the President with hopes of validating his attitude reversal. The president was certain that armed neutrality would accomplish nothing but bring America into a war that it was unprepared for and the country would consequently, lack effectiveness (Safari 111).Wilson, forced to make a choice for his country as to either maintain its honor or peace, stated There is one choice we cannot make, we are incapable of making. .. We will not choose the path of submission (Low 239). With this sentence, Wilson defined neutrality as being synonymous with submission ND he refused to allow the rights and or the people of the United States to be violated or ignored(Safari 1 13). With neutrality voided, the President moved on to address the main concern of his speech. With a solemnity of language, Wilson asked than war against the government and people of the United States and he advised that they accept their newfound status of belligerent and work to prepare the countrys resources and people to defeat the evil German empire and resolve the war(Clement 2).The president expressed his regret in having to make such a move but found it as his constitutional duty to do no other(Safari 112). Through the use of anaphora for emphasis, he stated the need for an army to be raised through drafting, the levying of taxes, making money readily available to the Allied powers, increasing agricultural and industrial production, and overall commitment by the country to give its all to destroy the Prussian autocracy (Clement 140). Wilson was asking for more than had ever been demanded of the country before; requesting not only their loyalty and enthusiasm, but organization of the nations strength to fight the enemies of democracy and reestablish the proper balance of power in Europe (Blakely).The President reminded the nation that during the course of the last two months his war objectives had remained unchanged and he proceeded to warn Americans of the necessity of retaining their virtuous motives and aims as the country embroiled for war(Safari 113). Wilson then called America to war for the noblest purpose a war has ever been undertaken (Baker 511). Our object. Is to vindicate the principles of peace and Justice in the life of the word as against selfish and autocratic power and to set up amongst the really free and self-governed peoples of the world such a concert of purpose and of action as will henceforth insure the observance of these principles . We are at the beginning of an age in which it will be insisted that the same standards of conduct and of responsibility for wrong done shall be observed among nations and the individual citizens of civilized states (Farrell 2).With this statement, Wilson ruled out any questions as to why he was leading his country into combat and it became evident that His word pointed to principle, not selfish interest, as the motive for war (Ceasefire). Wilson refused to accept a moral double standard in international affairs and he recognized the dawning of a new age in which the same principles of conduct and consequences of wrongdoing would be observed by all (Farrell 2). Then President Wilson went on to address the American position on the German people. He proclaimed America wasnt fighting against the general public of Germany, but we were engaged in a battle opposing the the government of which the people had no control over. We have no feeling towards them but one of sympathy and friendshi p. It was not upon their impulse that their government acted in entering this war.It was not with their previous knowledge or approval (Baker 512). Wilson went on to compare the war declaration of Germany to those of forgotten days when the public was never consulted or made aware of the intentions of a warring nation. Obviously insulting the administration of the Germans, Wilson acknowledged that self-governed nations do not fill their neighbor states with spies or set the course of intrigue to bring about some critical posture of affairs which will give them the opportunity to strike and make conquest. all of these statements implying that if Germany were under enigmatic rule, the submarine warfare campaign would be non-existent (Safari, 114).One must see the irony in this statement in light of Americas numerous attempts to gain influence in other countries by means of military intervention and and William Taft, who utilized the Roosevelt Corollary and dollar diplomacy as their tools of expansionism. In order to establish peace and morality in the world, Wilson assert that the world must be governed by the rule of the people. In order to maintain a steadfast concert for peace, Wilson concludes that the only answer is necromancy (Safari 114). Only free peoples can hold their purpose and their honor steady to a common end and prefer the interests of mankind to any narrow interest of their own (Baker 512). Wilson provided Russia as the prime example of this ideal League of Honor by pointing out how the country had prepared itself to join in the forces fighting for freedom in the world, for Justice, and for peace ( Baker 513).The Germans had failed to conform to this Wilson view of world peace, and therefore proved itself a natural foe to liberty by its conduct in the war, its aversive activities in the United States, and its intrigues and its plots, as evidenced in the Zimmerman note (Baker 513). President Wilson called his nation to put forth every effort to halt the power of the German Empire. This sentiment is manifested in his next paragraph as Wilson summarizes his war aims into one all encompassing go al: to make the world safe for democracy (Clement 140). Wilson uses an hyperbole to characterize Americans struggle as one to secure peace for the whole world, one to insure to rights of nations great and small, and one to safeguard he privilege of men everywhere to choose their way of life and of obedience (Baker 513). Once again Wilson affirms that the United States upon entry into the war desires no conquest, no dominion (Baker 513). The United States is readily willing to make sacrifices without compensation in order to secure the undeniable rights of mankind (Safari 115). These statements regarding Willows principles work not only to convince the nation of the obligation America has in guaranteeing freedom, but also to pacify his own reservations as to why he might be leading his country into ar. Wilson ended with an apologetic peroration full of regret. He began by admitting the anguish he felt over having to bring this issue before Congress and acknowledged that his was an oppressive and distressing duty (Baker 513).The President wearily recognized that the road ahead of the Allies was going to be a long one and he did not attempt to shield the country from the after-cost in terms of trial and sacrifice to the nation and to civilization ( Baker 513). Wilson expressed his personal objectives i n the final paragraph of his speech (Baker 514). Solemn, though ere powerful, Wilson asked his fellow Americans to dedicate their lives and their fortunes, everything that we are and everything that we have, with the pride of those who know that day has come when America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace which she has treasured, (Low 239) to the effort of democratic the world. He ended with, God helping her she can do no other. With this closing sentence Woodrow Wilson left with America with no choice but to defend her honor ((Blakely 2). Americans had ever before made the sacrifices their country was calling for, but Wilson was confident of the outcome. Two days later Congress voted overwhelming that the state of war .. Which had been thus upon the United States is hereby formally declared (Bailey 10). In conclusion, after a rhetorical analysis of Woodrow Willows address to the war congress on April 2, 1917 the reader is more aware of all of the do so. By admitting his own fears about American entry into the Great War, he helped to calm the apprehensions of the American people as he sought to rally them behind his cause to safeguard democracy for the world.

Free Essays on Arkansas Rice Farming

Rice and Arkansas are two things that go together like clouds and the sky. They are synonymous with each other. Rice farming has been a pivotal economical factor in the history of Arkansas, since its induction into the state in the early 20th century. Since then, Arkansas has become the rice capital of the world. Although minute rice farming has been dated back to 1819 (for family consumption), it was 1902 when a farmer in Lonoke raised an acre of rice in the southwest Arkansas Grand Prairie region.2 That farmer’s name was Samuel McCormick. His first crop proved to people that there was a profit to be earned. Then in 1903, he experimented with an irrigation system on the John Morris farm, which is still in business today. That irrigation system was the first ever used in the state, and was extremely important.3 Morris’ farm had run into bad luck a year earlier, but in 1903’s farming season, he brought in 100 bushels an acre for 20 acres, a very successful harvest. In 1904, the Alluvial Aquifer was created, which still is used today by many.4 By 1906, in the Grand Prairie region, 5000 acres were under cultivation, and by 1909, Arkansas had 29,000 acres in rice. Rice farming continued growing, and by World War I, the acreage was up to 129,000.5 Rice farming was gro wing exponentially. Since then, rice farming has defined Arkansas’ very nature. Rice’s history hasn’t been a very long one, at least compared to other crops like wheat, corn and cotton. Rice that is now planted by airplanes was once planted by hand transplanting, which is still done in Asia. The sickle was used for many years but has been replaced by the comfortable air-conditioned combine. Water was once kept in reservoirs filled by the rains in winter is now pumped from deep underground or pumped from rivers or other water sources. Varieties that took months to grow have now been replaced by rice that matures in half the time or less.6 Rice ha... Free Essays on Arkansas Rice Farming Free Essays on Arkansas Rice Farming Rice and Arkansas are two things that go together like clouds and the sky. They are synonymous with each other. Rice farming has been a pivotal economical factor in the history of Arkansas, since its induction into the state in the early 20th century. Since then, Arkansas has become the rice capital of the world. Although minute rice farming has been dated back to 1819 (for family consumption), it was 1902 when a farmer in Lonoke raised an acre of rice in the southwest Arkansas Grand Prairie region.2 That farmer’s name was Samuel McCormick. His first crop proved to people that there was a profit to be earned. Then in 1903, he experimented with an irrigation system on the John Morris farm, which is still in business today. That irrigation system was the first ever used in the state, and was extremely important.3 Morris’ farm had run into bad luck a year earlier, but in 1903’s farming season, he brought in 100 bushels an acre for 20 acres, a very successful harvest. In 1904, the Alluvial Aquifer was created, which still is used today by many.4 By 1906, in the Grand Prairie region, 5000 acres were under cultivation, and by 1909, Arkansas had 29,000 acres in rice. Rice farming continued growing, and by World War I, the acreage was up to 129,000.5 Rice farming was gro wing exponentially. Since then, rice farming has defined Arkansas’ very nature. Rice’s history hasn’t been a very long one, at least compared to other crops like wheat, corn and cotton. Rice that is now planted by airplanes was once planted by hand transplanting, which is still done in Asia. The sickle was used for many years but has been replaced by the comfortable air-conditioned combine. Water was once kept in reservoirs filled by the rains in winter is now pumped from deep underground or pumped from rivers or other water sources. Varieties that took months to grow have now been replaced by rice that matures in half the time or less.6 Rice ha...

Consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Consumer behaviour - Essay Example Consumers generally do not have access to information for distinguishing a company like Primark whether it is ethical or unethical. The limitations of this research paper are that the findings derived from this research paper contradict the previous researches that are conducted on consumer behaviour. It is required to determine the demographical features for identifying the ethical buying behaviour of the consumers. The main analysis of this research is focussed on the concept of ethical consumerism. The research is focused towards understanding of consumer ethics and the purchasing behaviour or intention of the consumers that is associated with it. The author Brinkman, in his study has referred that the consumers are considering the ethical factor while purchasing of the product. The author has also explained that ethics influences the purchasing intention or buying behaviour of the consumers. The suppliers of the Primark are also aware of the intention of the consumers. Therefore they are committed towards their responsibility of providing quality products to its consumers. The increase in the consumer awareness towards the ethical issues and also the increase in the disposable income of the consumers have provided an opportunity to the consumers in exercising their ethical conscience. The author has also focused on the ethical shopping of the consumers which explains that the ethical shopping plays an important role in the modern era. The experience and the buying behaviour of the consumers are focused towards ethics. Ethical consumerism is attempting towards widening the moral dimension of the consumer preference by emphasi zing a relation between the production and consumption (Brinkmann, 2004). Contradicting the view of the author Brinkmann, the researcher Fisher has emphasized on the fact that the distinction

Health and wellness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Health and wellness - Essay Example When a person has control over a situation, the stress impact is significantly less. I believe I have control over many responses to stressors in my lifestyle. I can choose to be explosive and highly emotional or examine the situation as a mature individual with a practical lens. My emotional responses to stressors are generally very soft and the test revealed I am a cool responder who manages to cope well in the face of stressful situation. It is a rare occasion, and depends on the severity of the scenario, that I would have an explosive outburst or internalize strong emotional responses. I believe I am well-balanced when handling situations, especially when they are out of my span of control. Basic breathing exercises can assist a person in calming down when getting ready to explode in the face of high stress scenarios. People do not want to listen to suggestions because they lack emotional intelligence and self-awareness and often allow their emotions to take over without looking at the situation rationally. Regulating emotional responses takes time and practice. When emotions are powerful, they want to get rid of these negative feelings so they choose to be inefficient and unhealthy by allowing their charged emotions to take over. It is a form of psychological release that is not healthy, but a product of immature

Superman, Thor and Batman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Superman, Thor and Batman - Essay Example Studying these characters, how they were created and even the period when they were made, one can discover the reason behind their creation and possibly have a better understanding of the culture during that time. In America where one can find the movie capital of the world, superhero fans have tried to interpret what these characters, specifically Superman, Batman and Thor may want to stand for in relation to their homeland. Superman is one, if not, the most famous superhero of all time. The character’s popularity reaches outside the United States. At costume parties or children’s birthdays, the Superman theme is always a favorite. There is something in the man’s personality and overall appearance that has made people, especially Americans, a fondness. It is no wonder then that Superman who fights for â€Å"Truth, Justice and the American Way† has been believed to symbolize America more than any other super figure. The Superman everyone today is familiar with was supposedly influenced by not only one but several figures in the lives of then-teenage creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. A storyteller and an artist, respectively, Jerry and Joe, initially created an image in the likeness of philosopher Nietzsche’s Superman. ... Hugo Danner, a fictional character with superpowers in a book the boys were fond of, was said to have given inspiration to Superman’s strengths. There was also the likeness to the biblical figure Moses. The deliverer of the Jewish people (Siegel and Shuster were of Jewish origin) was also left by his parents to save him, adopted by others and lived a double life. Some people say that mild-mannered Kent and the indestructible Superman were a representation of the Jewish people’s meekness and their hope of saving their families from the Nazis. Everyone knows the story of Superman. An alien sent to Earth by his parents, the boy is adopted by the Kents, a middle-class couple who lives in the countryside. The adoptive parents raise him without encouraging the use of his supernatural powers. As an adult, he is depicted as a humble, unassuming and shy newspaper reporter. He wears black, unfashionable, corrective glasses and walks with his shoulders slouched and his hair parted to the side. This is Clark Kent, Superman in his â€Å"human† form. At the sound of trouble, Clark changes into a charming, physically impressive and powerful man who helps anyone in distress. Although he appears to be invincible, he is weakened by kryptonite, a kind of stone that comes from, ironically, Superman’s own home planet, Krypton. Superman can be viewed as an epitome of America’s dominant figure in the world. Similar to Superman, the country is the current super power. It uses its resources and strength to protect its own and the other countries, big or small, who ask for help. It does not condone evil doings. The world was witness to America’s strength when it dominated in wars against Japan, Korea, Spain, Great Britain and Iraq. Like how people in Metropolis look up to

Nigerian Towards Foreign And Local Clothing Marketing Essay

Nigerian Towards Foreign And Local Clothing Marketing Essay CHAPTER FOUR CASE ANALYSIS 4.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter will give and comprehensively analyse the project report title The Nigerian consumer attitudes towards foreign and locally made clothing. The relevant marketing framework which was discussed in chapter 3, with regards to the secondary data will be used. This includes reports, book, journals and articles written by experts. However, this secondary data will be used to accomplish the research objectives. The secondary sources which was used in chapter 3 consist of what experts has said about consumer behaviour, motivation, attitudes and the different aspects of   their behaviour when purchasing products, in terms of their country of origin , and how it result into buying behaviour.   Furthermore, we are going to look at the current situation of the Nigeria perception toward country of origin products and how it influence country of origin measurement. The second aspect of this chapter will be dealing with the research instrument as questionnaire and primary research which will be to find out, if consumers have preference for foreign made clothes when compare to locally made once. Thus, the methodology will indicate the research objectives of the project and it also going to clarify data collection process, research hypothesis, respondent sampling and the limitation of the study. The recover data will be examine using the statistical software SPSS followed by a thorough discussion of the findings. 4.2 NIGERIA PERCEPTION TOWARDS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CLOTHING PRODUCTS   Due to recent studies which have been carried out, Nigeria consumer   knowledge as been observed to have changes, consumer now prefer to purchase foreign made clothes rather than   Nigerian locally made once this is as a result of the way country of origin different products have being manufactured. Furthermore, it was also to be clarified whether customer also prefer some certain product due to the states of the economic development of a country. For examples in the Nigeria at present, consumer dont really patronize the locally made clothes only during local events such as marriages and traditional ceremonies. However, the foreign made products are always highly valued by Nigerian consumers due to exotic fashion trends always derived from the products. According to Knight (1999) explain that in his writing that Nigerian consumer judge foreign products with high estimation due to the facts that they are products manufacture in other countries and he also went further to clarify that country of origin stage of industrial increase, the price of manufactured products and perceived the quality are numbers of reason for different consumer choice to choose between local and foreign products. Toyne (1989) also went further to explain in detail that due to certain products in developed countries, foreign consumer trends are preferred to those kind of products due to their level of advancement  Ã‚   of technology and   It has been originate that consumers in less developed countries assess locally made goods as inferior Al-Salacity (1998).   Due to different research that has been carried out relating to country of origin, it is however been analyzed that these studies has a universal nature. According to leonidou et al (1999) also clarified that there have been some related studies different carried out in some specific advance countries to assess country of origin effect on consumer evaluation of goods from diverse countries and computation patterns. It was also clarified by Han (1989) that consumer use country of origin information to evaluate products. 4.3 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN MEASUREMENT This has been analyzed as the measuring of different countries products in other for consumer to know the growth and development of various countries products. Furthermore, in other for country of origin measurement is establish   and   there are three main approaches which will be evaluated and they consist of single cue studies, multi cue studies and conjoint(trade off) analysis . 4.3.1 SINGLE CUE STUDIES According to   Bilkey Nes (1982) stated that most studies carried out are directed towards consumer being able to make analysis of the products based on merely country name. The author also went further in criticising single cue studies by clarifying that since they were bound to result in a significant origin effect on buying behaviour that might or not exist in the world. Thus, it  Ã‚   observes that single cue studies afford no insights as to how the consumers combine country of origin information with other information such as brand name. Majority of the Nigeria consumer use this single cue to evaluate products especially to check different country of origin designer brands before making purchase. From research show by Kaynak et al (2002) recently analyses that respondents evaluate product based on extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Examples are taste, price, service, design, durability and brand name. Majority of consumer have used single cue studies to analyze products evaluation, especially when they have small information about the brands in other to find out more information. 4.3.2 MULTI-CUE STUDIES According to Ahmed et al (2002) established the fact that due to recent multi cue studies, this study now comprise of different intrinsic and extrinsic information cue other than the country of origin   cue in moderating the country of origin effect. Bilkey Nes (1982) also went further to establish the fact that showed either no significant or only minor effects due to country image. Test which was carried out on using multi cue setting   Ã‚  to test multi products indicated that country of origin is very necessary when evaluating product quality respective of the prices Wall et al (1991). 4.3.3 CONJOINT (TRADE OFF) ANALYSES Since 1970 conjoint (trade off) analysis has been established and it can be define as   the representation   to understand the algebra of a concept or, more specifically how the components of a concept interacted to drive a rating such as to purchase intent (Johnson 1974 cited in Howard et al 2005). The initial application of conjoint analysis used off trade and off trade makes sense when viewed against the background. Examples colour, time factors, availability, and speed of reaction and together with additional factor that may be use to add value augmented part of the products.     Additionally, it has been clarified that conjoint analysis take this principles and applies it in situation where there are more than one set of product choices. There will also be wider ranges of choice in prices than just high or low (Lan 2006: p. 187). 4.4 METHODOLOGY 4.4.1RESEARCH HYPOTHESES. H0: Nigeria consumer purchase foreign made clothes due to status perceptions. H1: Nigeria consumers do not purchase foreign made clothes due to status perceptions. H0: For Nigerian consumers, checking the country of origin is dependent on what prompts their purchase of clothes H2: For Nigerian consumers, checking the country of origin is not dependent on what prompts their purchase of clothes 4.4.2 RESEARCH APPROACHES The research use for this project is called deductive research; the reason for this was that the research project encompasses consumer behaviour attitudes and hypotheses which will be experimented to discover if both results will be both identical or not. The deductive research helps the researcher to experiment the hypotheses in different stages in other to get the actual result of the hypotheses. Examples the Nigerian preference for foreign clothes as well as consumer behaviour. According to Len (2007) justify that deductive begin with theory from which we may derive hypotheses. Which are than tested through observation. Furthermore, it was also clarify that the research is descriptive as it establish the fundamental relationship between variables (mark et al 2000). 4.4.3 RESPONDENT SAMPLING A sample can be defined as a representative of the population which is carefully chosen to represent the whole population (Fink1995). The method of sample use for this survey was judgmental sampling which Mcdaniel (2004) defined as a form of convenient sampling in which the population elements are selected based on the judgment of the researcher. This was because it was convenient for the researcher to find respondents based on the judgment of where to find a large size of Nigerian male user of foreign and locally made clothing of various ages segment and who were willing to fill the questionnaire. The respondents sample size for this project was 150 and the target group was between the ages of 18-51 years Nigerian males this is because when a large sample size increases, each unit of information is obtained at greater cost (Mcdaniel2004). There are two types of sampling techniques that can be utilize in sampling methods and they includes, probability sampling and non- probability sampling. Probability sampling can be analysis as a chance or probability of each case being selected from the population is known and is usually equal for all cases. Non-probability samples are other than quota sampling is more frequently used for the case study research (Mark et al 2000:p. 152). 4. 5 DATA COLLECTION METHOD 4.5.1 PRIMARY DATA PROCESS The primary data use for this research work was questionnaires this was to enable the researcher gain a standardized insight of country of origin preference, consumer attitude and different question were develop in other to understand consumer preference. Furthermore, this questionnaire comprises of 25question in three different areas. The first section encompasses demographical data which give an insight of respondents background, the second aspect was dealing with purchase preferences between foreign and locally made clothes and the third part was dealing with the consumer attitude towards various country of origin. Thus, the questionnaire are rated in different format the rating scale question are involves were by consumer are able to rate their different choice of brand preference, ranking was also used in the questionnaire to find out their order of important when buying clothes and finally multiple question was also giving with only one box to tick. The total numbers of questionnaire administered were   150 and its was distributed to only   Nigeria males in united kingdom to enable the researcher understand their preference for foreign and locally made clothes and it has been analysis that united kingdom has a large population of males that was while this research is specifying only Nigerian males 4.5.2 DISTRIBUTION PROCESS As stated above the questionnaire were 150 and they are administer in different location of United Kingdom, some of this questionnaire where giving to respondent in London a populate place called Peckham which most Nigerian population reside. Furthermore some of the questionnaires were distributed  Ã‚   to Nigerian male in Birmingham University; some were also distributed to Nigerians in Leicester and redeemed Christian church of God. Finally some of the questionnaires were also distributed through email to the Nigeria male consumer in United Kingdom. Furthermore, questionnaire were distributed to 7 respondents for pilot testing but majority of the respondents had problems in filling out the questionnaire because there were some errors   , examples includes question 6 were not stated how much they earn per annum   and also question 9 did not   give respondents the opportunity to choose their preference. Furthermore, the section two there were no rating scale question to enable respondents rate their order of preference and grammatical errors was also found. After taking the piloted questionnaire from respondent more question were integrated   Ã‚  to explore different country of origin and some were removed.   4.5.3 SECONDARY DATA Secondary data was unitizes in this project this was to enable the researcher gain an understanding about what the project is about and also to construct a strong basis which was used for the research work. According to Lewis   et al (2007) explain secondary data as resources which are easily accessible by researcher in other to understand what the topic and also obtain vital information that will be used during the course of their research work. Examples of this secondary data includes marketing report, database, scholars reviewed, articles and consumer behaviour text books were used to get an insight about consumer attitudes and different country of origin. McGivern(2006) also specified that secondary data sources analyses the formulation   of the hypotheses   and the interpretation of primary data. 4.5.4 SAMPLING STRATEGY The sampling strategy used for this research work is non-probability the reason was that it provide a range of alternative techniques based on your subjective judgement. Thus, according  Ã‚   Mark et al (2000) clarified that it provide sensible alternative to select cases to answer research questions and address the question. In pilot survey, non- probability samples may be the most practical, although it will not allow the extent of the problem to be determined. 4.5.5 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS The main limitation of this research where gathering data from only Nigeria male it was not easy due to the fact that majority of the student   were on vacation and some of them are   busy with their jobs. Another limitation of this study was the issues of travelling to London and Birmingham on different occasion to distribute the questionnaires on getting there, some of the respondents were so busy that they could not fill the questionnaires. It was also observed that some of the Nigerian respondents at London felt reluctant in filling the questionnaires due to the reason being that there were not educated. Furthermore, most of the questionnaires distributed online were not filled out by the target respondents and this gave limited information gathering. Nevertheless, information gathered seems to be biased, because some of the questions were not structured well to get good answers. Conclusively, Information gathered may be prone to inaccuracy, due to lack of access to some of the respondents at the Redeemed Christian church of God. REFERENCE Al-Sulaiti, K. I. and Baker, M. J. (1998) Country of Origin Effects: A Literature Review: Marketing Intelligence & Planning 16. Bilkey, W. and Nes, E. (1982) Country of Origin Effects on Product Evaluations: Journal of International Business Studies 13. Fink, A. (1995) The Survey Handbook, 1st Edition: California, Saga Publication Inc. Howard .R. Moskowitz, Matthias Sicher, Sebastiano Porretta (2005) Concept Research In Food Product Design and Development: First Edition, United States: Wiley, John Sons Han, C. Min (1989), Country Image: Halo or Summary Construct? Journal of Marketing Research 29-222. Knight, G. A. (1999) Consumer Preferences Foreign and Domestic Products, Journal of Marketing Vol 16,(2)151-162 Kaynak, E. and Kara, A. (2002) Consumer Perceptions of Foreign Products: An Analysis of Product-Country Images and Ethnocentrism, European Journal of Marketing 36. Lewis .P., Thornhill. A.   and Saunders .M. (2009) Research Methods for Business Student, Fourth Edition: Harlow, Financial Time Prentice Hall.   Lan Ruskin-Brown(2006) Mastering Marketing: A Comprehensive Introduction to the Skill of   Developing and Defending your Companys Revenue, Second Edition: Thorogood, United States. Len Sandler (2007) Becoming an Extraordinary Manager: The Five Essential for Success, First Edition, United States. Mcdaniel .C. Roger.G.(2004) Marketing Research Essentials, Fourth Edition: United Stated, John Wiley and Sons,Inc. Mcgivern, Y. (2006) The Practice of Market and Social Research: An Introduction. 2nd edn. Harlow: Prentice Hall Mark .S., Philip. L. and Adrian Thornhill(2000) Research Methods For Business Students, Second Edition: United Kingdom, Pearson Education Limited. Toyne, B. and Walters, P. G. P. (1989) Global Marketing Management: A Strategic Perspective. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Jade Stadium Redevelopment (project management) Essay -- Business and

Jade Stadium Redevelopment (project management) Introduction The redevelopment of Jade Stadium, formally Lancaster Park, has been a project in development for a number of years. It is interesting to view the processes and changes in approaches to reach compromises, that have occurred in the lead up to this project especially with the stage the redevelopment is at now, (near completion). The emphasis placed upon planning and funding has had a huge impact to not only the time frame for completion of project but at a more basic stage of whether the redevelopment would even go ahead. The information used for this review dates back only as far as January 99, but even by that stage several years work had gone into pushing and lobbying for an improved, upgraded multi purpose stadium in Christchurch. Articles giving detail to the development process, the stages of development and the politics involved in the redevelopment of Jade Stadium are taken from January 20 1999, until the October 13 2000. The majority of articles are news items taken from Christchurch’s major newspaper, ‘The Christchurch Press’. Not all information present in the articles was relevant to the review topic of, the redevelopment of jade stadium, and so this is the reason for the use of several articles, to gain enough knowledge on the topic area. Temporary and Unique The jade stadium project is one of a temporary nature. Although it may be a long and drawn out process there is definitely a definite start (realisation of a need for a revamped stadium) and finish (completion of construction and closure). With respect to the jade stadium project, those dates have constantly changed. Originally set for an early 2000-start time, that date was changed several times until finally settled for October 2000 and estimated to take 18 months to complete. A deadline that they are currently on track to meet. Like any other project, Jade Stadiums redevelopment was a unique venture, not only in its actual design, ownership and the way in which the revenue to fund the project was produced but also in the actual use of the stadium. Being a rugby and cricket facility with ground breaking technology in the form of the new drop in pitches, an invention first tried by grounds staff two years ago. The stadium revamp unlike the new Wellington stadium will be done on the existi... ...point of view or side of the story, and that in general all articles relating to the redevelopment of jade stadium, held a more positive slant or position towards the development and the development team. The key points contained within the review begin with defining the uniqueness and temporary nature of a project and how jade stadium is a one off major project. The revenue provided to support such an expensive project comes from a wide and varying plane, with the use of a business plan one of the most important tools in the development of Jade Stadium. It can be noted that a great deal of importance was placed upon the planning phase in order to do it once and do it right. And that the project followed the basic project life cycle model. References Currie, S. (1999). The Jade Board. The Press, 20 January, 1996, p 34. McGoldrick, B. (2000). What about a total Jade upgrade? The Press, 26 August, 2000, p 10. Scanlon, G. (2000). $43m plea for Jade Stadium. The Press, 7 April, 2000, p 1. Tutty, K. (1999). Progress on stadium plans. The Press, 6 August, 1999, p 22. Tutty, K. (2000). Jade Stadium access settled for five years. The Press. 14 October, 2000.