Related Diversification Is a More Successful Strategy Essay Example for Free

Related Diversification Is a More Successful Strategy see(exploitation of know-how, more efficient use of available resources and capacities). In addition, companies may also explore diversification Just to get a valuable comparison in the midst of this strategy and expansion. Types of diversifications Moving away from the core competency is termed as diversification. Diversification involves directions of development which take the organisation away from its present markets and its present products at the aforementi unmatchabled(prenominal) time.Diversification is of two types (i) Related diversification Related diversification is development beyond the present roduct and market, but still within the broad confines of the patience (i. e. value chain) in which a company operates. For example, an automobile manufacturer may engage in production of passenger vehicles and light trucks. (ii)Unrelated diversification Unrelated diversification is where the organisation moves beyo nd the confines of its incumbent industry. For example ,a food processing firm manufacturing leather footwear as well.The different types of diversification strategies The strategies of diversification evoke include internal development of advanced products or arkets, acquisition of a firm, alliance with a complementary company, licensing of new technologies, and distributing or importing a products limit manufactured by another firm. Generally, the final strategy involves a combination of these options. This combination is determined in function of available opportunities and consistency with the objectives and the resources of the company.There atomic number 18 three types of diversification concentric, horizontal and conglomerate (1) Concentric diversification The company adds new products or operate which have technological or commercial ynergies with current products and which will call down to new customer groups. The objective is therefore to benefit from synergy effec ts due to the complementarities of activities, and thus to expand the firms market by attracting new groups of buyers. Concentric diversification does not lead the company into a completely new world as it operates in familiar territory in one of the two major fields (technology or marketing).Therefore that kind of diversification makes the task easier, although not necessarily successful. (2)Horizontal diversification The company adds new products or services that are technologically or commercially nrelated to current products, but which may appeal to current customers. In a competitive environment, this form of diversification is enviable if the present customers are loyal to the current products and if the new products have a good quality and are well promoted and priced.Moreover, the new products are marketed to the same sparing environment as the existing products, which may lead to rigidity and instability. In other words, this strategy tends to increase the firms dependenc e on certain market segments. (3) complex diversification (or lateral diversification) The company markets new roducts or services that have no technological or commercial synergies with current products, but which may appeal to new groups of customers. The conglomerate diversification has very little relationship with the firms current business.Therefore, the main reasons of adopting such a strategy are first to improve the lucrativeness and the flexibility of the company, and second to get a better reception in capital markets as the company gets bigger. Even if this strategy is very risky, it could also, if successful, provide change magnitude growth and profitability. Risks in diversification Diversification is the riskiest of the four strategies presented in the Ansoff matrix and requires the most careful investigation. Going into an unknown market with an unfamiliar product whirl means a lack of experience in the new skills and techniques required.

Gollum Character Study Essay Example for Free

Gollum Character Study EssayEven in the rare cases when he finds himself with someone else, as he does in chapter 5 of The Hobbit, he talks to others in third person, apparently not able to say you, and he refers himself as my precious. Gollum is a unique creature, only because his body has deformed over the years of living in the caves of Moria beneath the Misty Mountains for so long. He is the surface of a hobbit, but with pale skin and large eyes. He wears only dark clothes and is extremely thin from eating only fish and goblins over the years.He has only six teeth which are sharpened into points and he has a vicious strength which surprises Bilbo. Gollum owns a magic, which he calls his precious. Gollum has one treasure, a golden ring he calls his birthday-present because it came to him on his birthday. This ring makes whoever is wearing it invisible and takes over their lives and personality. Gollum uses it to creep around the goblin tunnels to catch young goblins to eat when he gets sick of fish. In The Hobbit, Gollum tries to find his ring so he can become invisible and kill Bilbo.Bilbo, of course, finding the ring before meeting Gollum, reasonable happens to put on the ring right as Gollum comes to attack him. He becomes invisible and follows Gollum out of the tunnels. As Bilbo takes his final look at Gollum, he intimately kills the ugly creature. But Bilbo is filled with a sudden understanding, a pity mixed with horror. He sees Gollums endless, unmarked days without light or swear of betterment, and lets Gollum live. In exchange for this kindness, Gollum screams, Thief, thief, thief BagginsWe hates it, we hates it, we hates it for ever as Bilbo makes his escape. When Gollum first meets Bilbo, he is not famished for hobbits, but he is afraid of Bilbos knife, so he tries to get on Bilbos good side by being friendly, showing that Gollum was once very similar to a hobbit, and challenging him to a game of riddles because the riddle-game was sac red and of immense antiquity. Bilbo accepts, because he wants Gollum to show him the way out of the goblin tunnels under the Misty Mountains. But the game makes Gollum both hungry and angry.

Anachronisms in A Knights Tale

Anachronisms in A Knights TaleThere are several anachronistic factors portrayed in the 2001 train A Knights Tale, and these elements are specific everyy crafted to help allow the viewer to relate to a payoff that lays outside of their area of expertise, in this case the middle sequences. By blending the use of modern music, and modern fit out items, with historic references and names of that time period, the director Brian Helgeland, is providing the audience a way to relate to a subject matter that they may be unfamiliar with.The Merriam Webster Online dictionary defines Anachronism asan error in chronology especially a chronological misplacing of persons, events, objects, or customs in regard to each other.A person or a thing that is chronologically out of place especially one from a former age that is incongruous in the present.the state or condition of being chronologically out of placeAnachronism in storytelling is not a new phenomenon. The earlier forms of dramatic entertai nment in the essence Ages was the staging of religious narrative as public plays. These performances also relied on such anachronism to help the audiences to figure a time far removed from their own. The roles of characters from religious plays were modelled after the roles members of the audience could relate to, to make the story easier for the audience to accept. The same can be tell of the film A Knights Tale, which uses modern day elements, blended with a romanticised version of medieval history, to enhance the audiences familiarity with the period portrayed.In medieval times a pleasure arose. Embraced by noble and peasant alike though only noble knights could compete. The sport was jousting. For one of these knights, an over-the-hill former champion, it was the end. But for his peasant squire forgetiam, it was scarcely the beginning. (A Knights Tale chapter 1)The jousting field of battle as portrayed in one of the first action mise en scenes of the film, is shown in a fairly historically accurate manner, from the design of the raised throne area for the local nobility, to the dirt and plain wooden benches for the peasants. The trappings of heraldic devices, the horses armor, or barding, and the lances and other tournament equipment are sooner authentic in appearance only the use of Queens We Will Rock You have the appearance _or_ semblances out of place. But the inclusion of this type of music, and that song in particular are quite intentional. That same piece of music can be heard utilize today, in a similar setting. In a modern hockey arena or football stadium, you can see diverse groups of people, seated on benches, with painted faces, cheering wildly for their chosen team. These people are separated into different areas, some with a better view of the activities than others, and this music is quite often played to help raise the anticipation of the fans, and to increase their enjoyment of the games. This lends an air of familiarity to the scene in the movie. Jousting tournaments, much like modern sporting events today, provided a sense of community and belonging that could be enjoyed by all, peasants and nobility alike. The use of Queens We Will Rock You helps demonstrates the excitement and extravagance of the tournament scene, and reminds us how much this new sport is like our own NHL, WWF or Football industries. (Cetiner-Oktem, 2009, p.50). The anachronistic terminology used in describing the final jousting tournament in London as the World Championship also helps forge a link to our modern times, making the events seem more(prenominal) familiar and allowing the viewer to willingly suspend his disbelief.The anachronism of modern clothes follows a similar logic in allowing the audience to relate to the film. From the path of Jocelyns transparent blouse, the use of a modern day hat, overcoats with deep v neck lines, or a black and white outfit that has a more modern look to it, these clothing choices are far more relatable to a modern audience than the chemise, underskirt, overskirt, bustle, corset, and heavy fabric over position of a noblewomans closest. The clothing of the women is not the only anachronistic wardrobe in the film. Williams character also wears fitted and shaped pants, very similar in design to modern dress pants, and his dress tunic for the feast is cut much more in the style of a modern overcoat, rather than the traditional tunic he would have wear in the middle ages. These style cues make the characters, and the settings seem more like our own, thus allowing us to adapt to the historical setting of the movie a runty easier. These anachronisms not only bridge the gap between periods, entirely create a deep sense of familiarity for the audience.There are many historically seize names and places referenced in the film, including the character of Geoffrey Chaucer. By incorporating a person of historical significance, the film gains some added credibility as a period pie ce, but the fictional character is portrayed in a manner that makes it easier for the audience to accept and understand the character. As Chaucer speaks to the crowds as Williams herald, he uses a style of pitch and tone of voice that is instantly recognizable to many modern viewers. The verbal build-up of Williams character, the accounting of all his attributes, and his past battle accomplishments, are all very mindful of the style and mannerisms of famous fight announcer Bruce Buffer, whom many viewers in the audience would know from Professional boxing and UFC fights. As Cetiner-Oktem states in the essay Dreaming the Middle Ages, Chaucer is not a part of American culture. Thus, this encounter may also be read as bridging the infant American culture, embodied in William, to the well-established face culture, embodied in Chaucer. (Cetiner-Oktem, 2009, p.50) Another historical name that is used in the film is that of Williams noble alter ego Ulrich von Liechtenstein from Gelderla nd. As we have learned in our course studies, Sir Ulrich was a real knight from the thirteenth century, who also followed the ideals of courtly sock and chivalry, and wrote of his many adventures. (McKenzie, 2017) The plot device that Lady Jocelyn uses to get William to render his love to her in the film also has some historical bearing. It was originally contrived by Chrtien de Troyes in his story Lancelot or The Knight of the Cart in the twelfth part century. In it Guinevere tells Lancelot to do his worst, and lose in a tournament, only to change her mind midway, and tell Lancelot to do the best he can, in order to prove his love for her. All of these historical embellishments all help to provide some credibility to the time period the film is set in, and may even excite the audience to look further into the actual truth of the history portrayed, as it did in my case.I feel that although this film is a neo-medievalist telling of a story, all of the modern and historical elemen ts, from the historical names and places, to the modern elements of music and fashion are combined together with some artistry and grace to create a compelling tale that the audience can easily relate too, while providing escapist fantasy. The film still provides an enjoyable portrayal of medieval times, and provides enough historical facets to be thought provoking.ReferencesAnachronism. (N.D.) in Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary. Retrieved March 4, 2017, from https//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anachronismBlack, T. (Producer), Helgeland, B. (Producer), Van Rellim, T. (Producer) Helgeland, B. (Director). (2001) A Knights Tale Motion picture. United States Columbia Pictures.Cetiner-Oktem, Z. (2009). Dreaming the Middle Ages American Neomedievalism in A Knights Tale and Timeline. Interactions, (1), 43.McKenzie, A. (2017). Week 6 Neo-medievalism in Film Chivalry Fountains Knightly Chivalry and the Arthurian Tradition. Online course slides Retrieved on March 4, 2017, from https //conestoga.desire2learn.com/d2l/le/ gist/145142/viewContent/3017348/ViewMcKenzie, A. (2017). Week 6 Neo-medievalism in Film Chivalry Fountains The Chivalric Code of Honour. Online course slides Retrieved on March 4, 2017, from https//conestoga.desire2learn.com/d2l/le/content/145142/viewContent/3017347/View

History Of The International Anti Corruption Movement Politics Essay

History Of The International Anti Corruption Movement Politics auditionFinding itself at the centre of organic evolution discourse for the last two decades, decadency has been a star of the international development scene since it was brought to the top of the order of business in the 1990s1. Following the end of the Cold War, a changing geopolitical climate encouraged the establishment of an international commitment to condemning and criminalising rotting at the multilateral take, a process which culminated in the appearance of a coordinated global anti-corruption movement2.Consisting of international agreements, domestic lawfulnesss and initiatives, the reorientation of international organisations and the militarisation of civil society, this global anti-corruption movement was aimed at tackling corruption via the systematic implementation of tools and strategies to address the issue on the ground.It is clear that corruption is now a counseling of international development. Anti-corruptionism is a narrative that places corruption at the centre of development concerns and is tightly bound up with the modern good governance movement and the correspondent global shift towards legal formalisation.3Practically, the global movements origins have been suggested to lie in the interests of the US Government, multinational companies and multilateral donors. Corporate complaints about corruption as a non-tariff barrier to trade were a key motivation for the application of moral pressure to the international community for it to take action against international corruption. The US take the charge to encourage the appearance of a unified global agenda, a major concern being the fact that American companies were losing billions of dollars in international contracts from their softness to pay bribes by virtue of the operation of the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.4The emergence and operation of the anti-corruption movement poses interesting questions for any stu dent of international law and development. Importantly, if corruption has been recognised as bruising to societies since ancient times, what was it about the 1990s that spurred the international community to formally address it on a multilateral level? Further, how has the movement affected development on a global and local level and what have been its effects? The following section will examine anti-corruptionism by beginning with the genesis of the movement. It will indeed examine some methods and outcomes of the movements anti-corruption techniques. Whilst anti-corruptionism has brought international attention to an bea which was previously somewhat neglected, critics argue that aspects of the movement itself have been counter-productive.5owe to anti-corruptionism, corruption has reached a estate of quasi-omnipotence in current development scholarship.6Culminating in the institution of a global anticorruption movement in the 1990s, this focus on corruption and its role in dev elopment emerged in stark contrast with attitudes of the international community in the period that immediately preceded it.7Having been unsuccessful at the UN, the US in 1981 began lobbying at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for that body to implement an alternative to alternative to the failed UN effort, illicit payments agreement.8However many OECD countries declined to cooperate due to concerns about the fundamental interaction of such an agreement with their domestic law.9With the fall of the Berlin Wall, the post-Cold War era ushered in a period of immense geopolitical change. With that change, the attention of the international community was increasingly focussed on the internationalisation of economics brought about by increasing levels of globalisation10.The problem of foreign bribery and corruption was suddenly given bracing priority by previously hesitant OECD countries who were then more receptive to the idea of an international agreem ent on the issue. In May 1994, the OECD Ministerial Council follow the Recommendation of the Council on Bribery in International Business Transactions, which asked members to take concrete and meaningful steps to amend their laws, tax systems, accounting and record retention requirements and public procurement procedures.11In 1997, all twenty-nine member countries of the OECD and five non-member countries agreed to sign the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. The OECD Convention in effect obliged signatory countries to conform to a US model prohibiting bribery and money laundering. This model was then extended further in the UN Convention Against Corruption in 2003. The UNCAC included new commitments to transparency in public works procurement and currently represents the broadest, just about recent international commitment to tackling global corruption.12In this new era of international enthusiasm, institutions such as the World Bank and the IMF came to include anti-corruptionism in their help conditionalities.78 Corruption was newly packaged as a socio-economic rather than political concern, by these institutions in order for them to depoliticise and at that placefore legitimately target the problem.79 Following this, there was widespread publication of the effects of corruption by NGOs and civil society, spearheaded by TI. NGOs and civil society worked to transmit the anti-corruption movement to citizens around the world and were aided by a post-communist trend towards free and active mediafacilitating the diffusion of the key tenants of anti-corruptionism13.The radical change of geopolitical climate, growth in international trade spurred by globalisation, engagement by civil society, and moral push from the US, converged to popularise a fight against corruption. All this culminated in the appearance of the global anti-corruption movement in the 1990s.There are a number of consequence s to the emergence of anti-corruptionism as a key explanatory factor for development failure. The first is principally a consequence of the ideology from which anti-corruptionism itself sprung tho is also tied up with the attack on the state that anti-corruptionism encourages and supports. At the core of neo-liberalism is the simplistic mantra of private = good, public = bad. By viewing actions of the state as interference in the functioning of the market as rent-seeking activities neo-liberalism ignored the dangers of private monopolies and anticompetitive behaviour, both of which began to flourish internally. Moreover, as Joseph Stiglitz has persuasively argued, neo-liberalism as encapsulated by the Washington Consensus failed to take into account the extreme inter-relatedness of everything with everything else in society.The second consequence of anti-corruptionism is arguably more serious and is related again to its role indoors neo-liberal ideology. It is the mode in which corruption has become a mono-casual or predominant explanatory factor for development failures. One of the most potent dangers of anti-corruptionism is therefore not that it is slander to highlight the disconfirming nature of corruption although much more work needs to be done to provide evidence for the supposition that it is actually harmful but that it is too simple an explanation alone to account for the failures in development policies. If there has been one central lesson of the past sixty years of development disappointments, it is how little we understand of what actually works in enabling people to fight their way out of poverty.The danger therefore of anti-corruptionism is that it diverts attention away from more nuanced accounts of development failures by providing an illusion of certainty in our understanding of development, and in doing so causes actual and on-going harm. The inability or unwillingness to develop a cosmopolitan understanding of failure contains wi thin it the risk of failing all over again.The prescription to governments that they need to fight corruption does not provide a list of priorities, a means of going about it or any unanticipated (negative) consequences that may arise. This is largely because corruption tells us nothing about specific actions sooner it is what Polzer, following Euben, describes as an othering tool. In place of describing specific actions, such as theft or vote-rigging, corruption is simply a negative evaluative supposition thatOne of the main effects of the term itself is thus to create a dichotomy between the corrupt and the good that mirrors neatly onto neo-liberalisms central characterisation of the state as bad and the market as good the othering nature of the discourse, moreover, allows the World Bank, as champion of the market, to take on the mantle of good expert in contrast to the corrupt developing state.Focusing on the corruption of bureaucrats and government officials not only convenien tly shields free market ideology from any duty for the failure to live up to its claims of wealth creation and the BWI from any responsibility for their role. Anti-corruptionism also exculpates any responsibility that the West its institutions and its citizens may have for, for example,Corruption, because of its place within the good governance agenda, is an ahistorical discourse of the present. Moreover, it is one of course that locates development failures squarely within developing countries, and this predominating focus on developing government failures in the face of our own complicity in them has of course an undeniable smack of cultural imperialism to it.14As such, it is not only deeply unhelpful but also damaging to the goals of development as well as to the necessary relationship between the global North and South an essential part of development if development goals, just defined, are to be achieved.

Change during the introduction of new system to control attendance

compound during the grounding of reinvigorated carcass to control attendanceThe control of ply attendance has been a problem for Co-operative Food, a UK retail transcription, and it has been feeling to improve its organizations to monitoring device attendance of its employees. Co-operative Food wants to bring goodness in their work, e.g. through procedures and systems, for actively delivering their services to the consumers. That is why it is ensuring that they atomic number 18 efficient enough to do that. In order to pursue this, Co-operative emphasises on judgment of conviction wariness of its staff by bringing in a new system for the control of staff attendance.In the UK retail sector, Co-operative is adept of the pioneers to introduce much(prenominal) a new generation system for control of staff attendance as comp atomic number 18d to other spectacular supermarkets same Asda, Tesco, Sainsburys and Morrisons. More special bothy, Co-operative has introduced a biom etric system which became operative in 2010, and requiring Co-operative staff to touch their finger at identification points to get verified.The new attendance save system is a technological diverseness to monitor employees attendance, when they start and finish their shift, by giving their finger print. If an employee leaves the premises of the company he signs go forth and whence sign in again when he returns to the premises. This system has benefited the company to control its wastage of time and labour cost.Originally, an older system was organism operated at Co-operative Food till two years ago by signing manually the attendance register. This register was usually placed near the managers office and the employees had to sign in and out before and at the end of their shift. This system was seen as a failure as employees gave little importance to this system. For practice session, they got paid even if they missed to sign in by requesting the manager at the next day that t hey forgot to sign in.This manual system was replaced in 2008 by a swipe card system to monitor staff attendance, which also had some drawbacks. In the swipe card system someone else, other than the employee, could also swipe it for him/her, without the knowledge of the supervisor.This is an important issue beca mapping such a transport affects employees to a great extent if it is not planned and implemented properly. For example, due to the frustration employees could abuse the system by taking huge tea or lunch breaks. Or they might waste companys time to do unnecessary activities e.g. they could go up in the tushteen and sit in that location hiding without the knowledge of the managers or supervisors. Or if they reservent accepted the stir their way of work could be slackened, which ordain affect the performance of the organisation.It bequeath be canvas in the dissertation how this change has affected employees attitude towards their organisation. The seek entrust loo k into employees perceptions of this change. Do they feel a sense of distrust from the organisation being monitored in a way that they stupefy to springiness the finger prints to get recognized by the system or are they happier than before due to this creative activity?1.2 Research aimThis study willing focus on the effectiveness of change management practices and procedures in the organisation and will find out how these have helped in smooth implementation of this system.This research will help to understand how new staff management system was implemented in the Co-operative organisation, and if any issues like dissatisfaction or behavioural problems among employees have occurred and how these issues were dealt with.1.3 Objectives1 To find out at what extent has Co-operative achieved the objectives planned with the introduction of a biometric staff attendance system.2 To collapse what issues evolved among employees.3 To study the effectiveness of the implemented change.1.4 Re search QuestionsWhat are the issues that a new staff attendance system brings in the organisation?How can change management procedures deal with those issues?To what extent has Co-operative achieved the objectives planned with the introduction of a biometric staff attendanceChapter 2. Literature Re batchThis chapter will review literature slightly change management procedures and implementation issues.2.1 New technology and the named issuesThere is a major issue of humankind electrical unsusceptibility attached to the introduction of new system. Gregson(1994, p. 23) gives an example of the introduction of new technologies and the human resource issues related to the implementation process. He depicts that when automatic teller machines (ATM) were launched in banks, it gave huge benefits to customers but at the same time the bank employees were discouraged by this new technology and its usage by the staff posed a threat to their job by this new technology.2.2 metro to ChangeSka rlicki (1999, p. 36) has defined resistance to change as, employee behaviour that seeks to challenge, disrupt, or invert prevailing assumptions, discourses, and power relations.Deloitte and Touche has carried out a study of 400 companies more or less the resistance to change which is cited by Prochaska (2001). They found out that resistance to change causes the change process to fail or not completing.Hauschildt (1999) carried out a study of 151 companies in Germany which concludes that the resistance or opposition to innovation in these companies benefitted the organisations. This benefit includes the criticism of the new system by pointing out the defects of the system which is a way advancing for organisations to improve it. Employees by pointing out defects in the new system get more involved in the organisations.Proctor and Doukakis (2002, p. 268) point out that resistance to a change could be because employees fear the new change will put their job safety at risk, or they fe ar of unknown, or it might be the lack of information and knowledge about the advantages attached to this change.Another example of innovation in organisations and its effects is the Bemmels and Reshef study in 1991 which is cited by Zwick (2002). Bemels and Reshef studied 206 Canadian companies which introduced innovation over a specific period, and found out that the employees generally accepted and supported the innovations, but it was resisted from personnel just because of the presence of Union and the technological advancement clauses in the employees contract.Another main concern of employees regarding innovations in organisation is that it could lead to the reduction in staff. Effective innovations could cut down the staff in the organisations.2.3 Biometric SystemA biometric system is an automatic system which requires the physical characteristics of a user to recognise him/her. These physical characteristics could be finger prints, hand prints, facial expressions or iris pa ttern of eyes. According to Braghin (1998), the biometric system performs au indeedtication process in two different stages.1 Enrolling stageIn this stage a specific biometry characteristics is given to the system data base which could be located centrally or distributed. The scanning of the biometrics is performed, and then the system creates a digital representation called template, which is then recorded into the data base. This process is performed only once.2 Identification stageIn this stage the system scans the biometric characteristics and then creates an optimized digital representation, which it then matches to the template to identify the person.Biometric system is a new technology which also brings issues that are linked to this system.Braghin (1998) depicts that a biometric system is not good at use problems. If someones template is stolen, the system cant provide any help for that. These are the characteristics of a person which is not easy to get back if lost and bio metric system is not helpful in order to deal with the problem. It is not like a password which you can change. So it means if you lose it, you lose it forever.Advantages of biometricsOGorman (2003, p. 2037) highlights the advantage of the biometric as, the details are hard to get stolen of a user using the system as examined to other authentication system, like ATM. The token system which stores the identity of a user should also be a used by a user as a spot option to get it more secure against stealing and thefts of the details.2.4 Change ManagementKotter and Schlesinger (2008, p. 4) have explained how to diagnose resistance (2008, p. 4) caused by the change. They point out that every change brings some human resistance to the change process. In order to deal with the resistance it is important to find out about the causes of potential resistance. By analysing the situation managers can bob up across the factors of resistance when the change is being introduced.1 Parochial se lf bear onPeople can be resistant to change because they feel little concerned about the organisation and see their interests coming premiere before the interest of the organisation.2 Misunderstanding and lack of trustMisunderstanding can dumbfound among employees if they dont understand the implications of the change. Or if they perceive it wrongly. It is essential for change to be effective that all employees understand the change process and its implications, and for managers or change instruments to interact with employees to decipherable potential misunderstandings.3 Different assessmentEmployees could assess the change differently than the change cistron or managers due to lack of information. Because both the employees and the change agent think that the information that they have is right and they assume about each other of having the same information. So it is very important that both the change agent and employees have up to date information because otherwise this c ould lead to resistance.4 Low ToleranceSometimes it is very hard for people to give up their old habits or operative style which they are used to. For example, if the implemented change requires some new skill and behaviours and employees are not catching up with those behaviours or skills it would be problematic.5 Old beliefsPeople are reluctant to change because they dont want to be disturbed in their daily routine.For example an employee working 9 am to 5 pm shift, who is needed to change shift from 3 pm to 11 pm two days a week will be resisting because it will disturb his/her daily routine.Kotter and Schlesinger (2008, p. 6) have suggested several ways of how to deal with resistance when it emerges as a reaction to change.1 chatCommunicating about the desired change could really be helpful as it will make employees to embrace the change. Communication both with individuals and to a conference is very essential as employees want to know about activities in the organisation. If the employees are put in dark about their organisation they feel a sense of ignorance. All sources like audio or video can be used to communicate.2 SupportOrganisations can offer training about new skills or support to the employees where the managers find the employees are struggling to overcome resistance. This training can be in the organisation or out of the organisation as well.3 InvolvementEmployees involvement in designing and implementation of the change process is another way to stop resisting powers being emerged. Involvement of employees will make employees feel that they are a value to the organisation.4 NegotiationNegotiation is a way to offer benefits to resistors to accept the change. Its a process of luring the employees who are resisting. For example negotiations could involve relations with unions as offering them pay rise in the lieu of acceptance of change. Negotiations are an expensive way of dealing with resistance as the change initiator has to give somet hing to resistors for the acceptance of the change. The disadvantage of the negotiations is that people who take part in the negotiation process could use it as blackmailing.5 Manipulation or Co-optationThis process is also called Co-optation, when employees who are potential resistors are given an attractive role of their choice to involve them in the change process. This is not considered as participation of employees because the employee who is co-opted, his/her advice doesnt mean much to the change initiators.6 CoercionHere the employees dont have many choices as if they dont accept the change they are threatened or warned of taking disciplinary action against them or being fired or by stopping their promotion. In this way they would worry about their job security and would show the acceptance of the new changed system.Caluwe and Vermaak (1994, p. 49) explain that the change process is a step by step process of learning. It cant be enforced on someone as it takes time and learni ng cant be enforced.According to Bovey and Hede (2001) change in an organisation is often implemented in a way that the whole process of planning and implementation takes all the time and the human factor who will be dealing with this change aft(prenominal) implementation is ignored. They argued that the consideration of a new system and its rationalization for the company gets importance leaving behind the people who will be affected by this new system.Aladwani (2001, p. 268) gives a comparison of marketing and implementing an information system based change. He holds the view that both marketing and implementing change in the organization are change processes and reflect the exchange process between two parties. Therefore, as the marketing policies and procedures are developed and communicated, organizations should communicate with their employees for the required results and to overcome the resistance to change. In marketing these communications are between seller and buyer, whi le in an organisation it should be between employer (the person who is brining the change) and the employees who are getting affected by this change.The above literature has discussed about introduction of staff attendance measurement in organisations and related issues, biometric system and related human-resource issues, and finally change management.Kotters(1996)Change management stupefyCreate sense of urgencyCreate a guiding coalition civilize a vision and strategyCommunicate the vision for change clothe broad-based actionGenerate short-term winsConsolidate gains and produce changeAnchor new admissionesSource Kotter 1996Kotters modelling (1996) is the 8 cast change management model which deals with the change through a systematic way. It takes the top down approach from creating a sense of urgency to anchoring change in the culture. It produces good results by dealing with the resistance issues caused by the change. Kotters model deals with the resistance in the best way for smooth implementation of change.Although this model has met with a lot of criticism as in its step 5 encourages risk taking and not traditional ideas and activities, and change in the structure of organization but Kotter explains that it is the essential part of the organizational change. As he explains that the structure which undermines the change vision by becoming a hurdle needs to be rid off.Kotters model is focused on communicating the vision to employees and provides good guidance. I like to use Kotters model for my research because it is a systematic method, a top down approach and is more effective than other models. It deals with the issues of resistance properly.Chapter 3. Conceptual FrameworkThe literature review in Chapter 2 is a critical activity resulting in a conceptual framework.This research will use the change model of Kotter (1996) as a conceptual model. It is assumed that the eight phases proposed by Kotter are a useful model to compare the change at the fictit ious character company. The following table shows in an exemplary way how the phases of change at the Co-Operative can be mapped on Kotters eight phases.Phases of Change at the Co-Operative1234561. Create sense of urgency2. Create a guiding coalition3. Develop a vision and strategy4. Communicate the vision for change5. Empower broad-based action6. Generate short-term wins7. Consolidate gains and produce change8. Anchor new approachesTable 1 Mapping Change at the Co-Operative on Kotters Leadership StepsSource Kotter 1996Each of the eight phases has its own dynamics and challenges. For example, in the first phase, organisations need to look at the competitive market, trends are traditions which need to be updated, profit margins to start the change process, if enough urgency is not established there is a risk of process to fail.The 2nd phase is appointing a team to carry out the change process together energetically. Then comes the 3rd phase which is about the development of proper vi sion and strategy to implement the change. It is about, where would the change lead to and how.The 4th phase is about communication of the vision to all employees by interaction. The 5th phase is to remove barriers which are obstructing the process of change. The 6th phase is about bringing more improvement in the performance, and rewarding the employees who maintain the required standards. The 7th phase is about producing more change by promoting the employees or hiring new one to carry out the change process with more determination and persistence and the final one is about to make the change permanently stick to the organisation.These phases will be tested to analyse the change process which Co-operative nutriment has carried out by comparing the eight phases of Kotters model. Kotter (2007, p, 99). All the phases of the model from establishing a sense of urgency, Kotter 2007, p,97) to anchoring change in the culture (2007, p,103) will be compared to find out, have they been tak en into the account for successful change at the graphic symbol study company.Chapter 4. Research DesignA deductive case study approach will be applied for this research. This case study is deductive because it uses existing concepts in the field of change management and theory about resistance caused by the introduction of new staff attendance control system.Furthermore a qualitative case study will help to attain insights and detailed viewpoints of the employees and managers.Yin (2003) suggests using a case study approach when How and why questions are being addressed and it tells about what could be extracted from a single situation. According to Bryman (2001) case study approach is used for in depth findings and to associate it with the theory. A case study approach is suitable for the interpretation of this subject because it will investigate the change management processes in the organisation by the help of existing theory of Kotters model in the case study organisation.Quali tative approachI intend to use a deductive qualitative approach for this case study.Bryman (2001) highlights the characteristics of the qualitative approach as dealing with issues by exploring them, e.g. through counter questions to understand the phenomenon.Kaplan and Maxwell (1994) give a briefing of qualitative approach that it is the study of a particular situation by exploring peoples attitude in which they react by means of interviewing, sight or documenting rather than by a data of numbers.As this research is about the perception of employees about this change, the philosophy that will be used in this research will be constructivist.This philosophy has been selected because I intend to test the Kotters model of change management in Co-operative case study.Chapter 5. MethodologyFor this research, the following case study organisation was chosen the Hackney Branch, London, of the Co-Operative Food unit of Co-operative Group Limited, Manchester/UK. Furthermore employees and man agers are accessible for interviews that are essential for accomplishment of the study.Data will be collected with the help of semi structured interviews by mono method. Semi structured interviews are flexible in approach, and are good in finding the insights of peoples. An understanding will be developed in the perspective of employees natural settings, about perceiving change in the organization by employees, their behaviour towards this change, and their sentiment about change management practices in the organisation to minimize the effect of this change.I have talked already with the local branch managers, and they have told about their interest to take part in this research. An official letter will be written to the case company when the research starts, e.g. in September 2010.The interviews will be conducted after the work is assigned or the proposal for the research is accepted in the Hackney branch of Co-operative food.Interviews will be conducted by asking all type of ques tions like open question, Probing or specific questions, closed questions to cover all the aspects of the aim and objectives of the research. Employees will be asked about their point of view about change, their participation, experience and effects of the change on them. Moreover a comparison to Kotters change model will be developed by expression into eight phases of the model.Pattern matching technique will be used to analyse the data. Because I am using Kotters conceptual framework for this research, I will test the adequacy of the Kotters framework to reveal the findings. Pattern matching is the method which involves two variations, depending on the dependent and freelance variables.In the first variation we relate the proposition from the relative literature to the results of data collection and analysis. If it matches to the predictions then we confirm the theory. At this moment the researcher has no pre defined variables, but when the work is assigned. If one or more outco mes that have not been predicted by the translation, there is a need to seek an alternative one. (Yin, 2003)In the second variation the variables are independent of each other. Here we put forward a number of alternative explanations to explain the pattern of outcomes that we expect to find. When the predicted explanation matches with the pattern of outcomes it provides evidence that it is indeed an explanation of the findings.The method will be chosen when the work is assigned after the acceptance of proposal.5.1 LimitationsThis research will set its limits by contacting Co-operative Food employees in the case study organisation, Co-operative Food which is a supermarket or a retail industry in the Hackney branch London. The employees contacted will belong to the Co-operative. Therefore the findings of this research can not be generalised outside the case study organisation.5.2 EthicsThe ethical issues involved in this research could be the fear of employees about their name callin g being used in this research. If the employees dont understand the purpose and aim of the research, it is also an ethical issue. Employees could also have discomfort or stress in state the questions.Employees will be provided the information about the purpose of this research, and its aims, and the issue of anonymity that that their names will be kept anonymous if they wish. The data collected will be used by the hold of the employees. I will inform the employees by speaking to them about their right to withdraw from the interviews and also about withdrawing their authorization to use this data before I finish the interview.The collected data will be analysed by the researcher and the dissertation will be submitted by honest means.5.3 ResourcesThe resources that will be used to conduct semi structured interviews are audio and video equipment. Before conducting the interviews I will get the consent of employees. Should there be any rejections about being recorded, then I will mak e notes of the interviews.5.4 TranscriptionI will document the interviews in textbook processing files with interview numbers, like 01ME,and 02FE, and so on, where 01 represents 1st interview and M is for male, F is for female and E is for employee. RQ1, and RQ2 will be used for myself representing the first and second of the researchers questions and MEA1 or FEA 2 would be used for male employee answer 1 and female employee answer 2 respectively.6 Appendix6.1 Time TableGantt chart for a research projectActivitySeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberJanuaryweek number12345678910111213141516171819Review Literature conflict with supervisorRead Methodology LiteratureData CollectionAnalysing dataEnter data in computerUpdate literature reading plump the remaining partSubmit to supervisorRevise the workHolidaysPrint, bindSubmit

Which Culture Should We Teach? Which Version of History is Correct? :: Teaching Education Philosophy

The educational process should not just be a process aimed at relaying information to students. Students have a elevated opportunity to experience their youth and grow intellectually. College provides a chance for young people to experience life in a loose setting where they shag grow as individuals and form their own opinions about life. When developing a school curriculum, members of college boards need to remember how vulnerable this time is in a students life. The examination of, whether colleges should emphasize a unified view of culture and the things that we have in common or whether they should emphasize peoples differences is a complicated one. When first looking at this question many of people would be adamant about the fact that colleges have a certain responsibility to teach about different cultures, and I agree with that, but only to a certain extent. I think always wanting to emphasize peoples differences could be a problem. In todays multi-cultural world it is griev ous to know about ones own culture and the cultures of others, but we cant forget to teach about our own culture. The culture we share as a whole, the American culture. many a(prenominal) people forget about the rich culture we have in America. A lot of the time people get wrapped up in looking at the differences between us and forget to look at all the similarities.Another problem that can arise when different cultures refuse to mingle is it thickens the walls between us. Everyone is always talking about trying to tear down these invisible walls between racial groups and religious groups, but then these same people, lavishly ranking government and school officials are constantly pounding into peoples heads how different we are, and in some cases why some group should be angry at some other racial group. All this is doing is causing trouble and putting resentment into peoples heads, which just adds to the barriers between us. When a student graduates from high school he is faced with a decision about what he is going to with the rest of his life. One option that is open to these students is college. In college a student is given a chance to learn about a subject of his choice. While getting this education the student is surrounded by a rich wealth of noesis and ideas that can influence the way he looks at life. High School a vulnerable time in many of these students lives.

Effects of Parental Relationships on Children as Evidenced by Shakespea

Effects of Parental Relationships on Children as Evidenced by Hamlet Families are the essential construct blocks of the human relationships we form in the later years of our lives. If we are given unconditional go to bed by those we hold most dear, we learn to trust in others and their sack out for us. However, if we do not receive the appropriate attention, we may grow to believe that we are incapable of either being loved or loving others. These kinds of minutes in a household may lead a child to a lifetime of troubling consequences. Just as important as the relationship they hold with us is the relationship between the mother and father that we grow up observing. Parents should maintain a healthy relationship in order to close out their children from forming a skewed image of love and trust.After Hamlets experience with his mothers incestuous remarriage to Claudius, he no longer sees love as a pleasant sentiment. Gertrude exclaims the exact basis of her sons apparent madness when, in response to Claudiuss proclamation that Polonius k instantaneouslys the origin, she exclaims I inquiry it is no other but the main, / His fathers death and oerhasty marriage. (II. ii. 59-60). This swift and incestuous marriage suggests to Hamlet the impermanence of human affection as well as of life, and it also, less obviously, compels him to think of the violation of the union which gave him his own life and being. (Scott 110). He learns from this occurance that love is nothing but a fleeting emotion, with no meaning to it. This attitude towards love spills over into his treatment of Ophelia. Hamlets exclamation of Frailty, thy name is woman (I. ii. 152) applies in his mind, not only to Gertrude, but now also to Ophelia. ... ... in others after forming a firm sense of ones own identity, saying, It is only when identity formation is well on its commission that true intimacy which is really a counterpointing as well as a fusing of identities is possible. (Staal 27).Al though not all cases of divorce may end in this fashion, more than than likely, most will. It is a difficult experience for children to adjust to and compensate for in their behavior. The same is true of Hamlet in respect to Gertrudes rapid remarriage to the murderer of her recently departed husband. Her actions have an effect on her sons way of thinking and ultimately, acting throughout the play. Love and trust are the both most difficult emotions for children in these situations to rebuild after a complicated experience. Therefore, to protect their children, parents should always maintain a healthy, cordial relationship.